Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.
Phytother Res. 2021 Feb;35(2):1113-1124. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6892. Epub 2020 Oct 5.
Trigonelline, a major alkaloid component of fenugreek, has been demonstrated to have several biological activities, including antidiabetic and anticancer effects. This study aimed to examine the possible application of trigonelline as an anti-obesity compound based on an investigation of its enhancement of lipid catabolism and induction of browning in white adipocytes. Trigonelline induces browning of 3T3-L1 white adipocytes by enhancing the expressions of brown-fat signature proteins and genes as well as beige-specific genes, including Cd137, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmem26. Trigonelline also improves lipid metabolism in white adipocytes by decreasing adipogenesis and lipogenesis as well as promotes lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Moreover, trigonelline increases the expression of Cox4, Nrf1, and Tfam genes that are responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistic studies revealed that the browning effect of trigonelline in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes is mediated by activating β3-AR and inhibiting PDE4, thereby stimulating the p38 MAPK/ATF-2 signaling pathway. Considering its high bioavailability in humans and the results of this study, trigonelline may have potential as an anti-obesity compound.
葫芦巴堿是葫芦巴中的主要生物碱成分，已被证实具有多种生物活性，包括降血糖和抗癌作用。本研究旨在基于研究其对脂肪分解的增强作用和诱导白色脂肪细胞褐变的作用，探讨葫芦巴堿作为一种抗肥胖化合物的可能应用。葫芦巴堿通过增强褐色脂肪特征蛋白和基因以及米色特异性基因（包括 Cd137、Cited1、Tbx1 和 Tmem26）的表达来诱导 3T3-L1 白色脂肪细胞的褐变。葫芦巴堿还通过减少脂肪生成和脂肪生成，促进脂肪分解和脂肪酸氧化来改善白色脂肪细胞的脂质代谢。此外，葫芦巴堿增加了 Cox4、Nrf1 和 Tfam 基因的表达，这些基因负责线粒体生物发生。机制研究表明，葫芦巴堿在 3T3-L1 白色脂肪细胞中的褐变作用是通过激活β3-AR 和抑制 PDE4 来介导的，从而刺激 p38 MAPK/ATF-2 信号通路。考虑到其在人体内的高生物利用度和本研究的结果，葫芦巴堿可能具有作为抗肥胖化合物的潜力。
