School of Agriculture and Food, The Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
Dep. of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
J Environ Qual. 2020 Jan;49(1):228-235. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.20029. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
Manure composting is a common management practice for cattle feedlots, but gaseous emissions from composting are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to quantify ammonia (NH ), nitrous oxide (N O), carbon dioxide (CO ), and methane (CH ) emissions from windrow composting (turning) and static stockpiling (nonturning) of manure at a commercial feedlot in Australia. An inverse-dispersion technique using an open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometer gas sensor was deployed to measure emissions of NH , N O, CO , and CH over a 165-d study period, and 29 and 15% of the total data intervals were actually used to calculate the fluxes for the windrow and stockpile, respectively. The nitrogen (N) lost as NH and N O emissions represented 26.4 and 3.8% of the initial N in windrow, and 5.3 and 0.8% of that in the stockpile, respectively. The carbon (C) lost as CO and CH emissions represented 44 and 0.3% of the initial C in windrow, and 54.8 and 0.7% of that in the stockpile, respectively. Total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the manure windrow were 2.7 times higher than those of the stockpiled manure. This work highlights the value that could be accrued if one could reduce emissions of NH -N and N O-N from composting, which would retain manure N content while reducing GHG emissions.
堆肥是牛养殖场常见的管理措施，但堆肥过程中气体排放的情况还不太清楚。本研究的目的是量化澳大利亚一个商业养殖场堆肥（翻堆）和静态堆存（不翻堆）过程中来自粪便的氨气（NH ）、氧化亚氮（N O）、二氧化碳（CO ）和甲烷（CH ）排放。使用开路傅里叶变换红外（OP-FTIR）光谱气体传感器的反向扩散技术，对 165 天的研究期间的 NH 、N O、CO 和 CH 排放进行了测量，其中 29%和 15%的总数据间隔分别实际用于计算堆肥和静态堆存的通量。NH 和 N O 排放损失的氮（N）分别占堆肥初始 N 的 26.4%和 3.8%，静态堆存初始 N 的 5.3%和 0.8%。CO 和 CH 排放损失的碳（C）分别占堆肥初始 C 的 44%和 0.3%，静态堆存初始 C 的 54.8%和 0.7%。堆肥的粪便温室气体（GHG）总排放量是静态堆存的 2.7 倍。如果能够减少堆肥过程中 NH -N 和 N O-N 的排放，这将保留粪便中的 N 含量，同时减少 GHG 排放，那么这将很有价值。
