Dep. of Agricultural Economics, Sociology and Education, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, 16802.
Dep. of Agricultural Economics and Economics and Montana Institute on Ecosystems, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, 59717.
J Environ Qual. 2020 May;49(3):582-592. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.20005. Epub 2020 Jan 19.
We developed a GIS-based tool that values, in a spatially explicit way, the ecosystem services generated by water quality improvements resulting from adoption of agricultural best management practices (BMPs). The tool is calibrated for watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay drainage and includes the benefits from water quality improvements within targeted watersheds, water quality improvements downstream from targeted watersheds, and reductions in pollutant loadings to Chesapeake Bay. The tool is used to investigate specific BMP scenarios adopted within specific watersheds. The results show that (i) BMP adoption generates large positive net benefits to society, with benefit/cost ratios ranging from 22 to 276; (ii) by selecting cost effective BMPs and placing them in the most appropriate places, the cost of meeting pollutant reduction targets would be reduced by 34-71%; and (iii) net benefits from BMP adoption are higher when they are implemented close to or upstream from population centers.
我们开发了一个基于 GIS 的工具，以空间显式的方式评估由于采用农业最佳管理实践（BMP）而导致的水质改善所产生的生态系统服务价值。该工具针对切萨皮克湾流域进行了校准，包括目标流域内水质改善的效益、目标流域下游的水质改善效益以及污染物负荷对切萨皮克湾的减少。该工具用于调查特定流域内采用的具体 BMP 情景。结果表明：（i）BMP 采用会给社会带来巨大的正净效益，效益/成本比范围为 22 到 276；（ii）通过选择具有成本效益的 BMP 并将其放置在最合适的位置，可以将满足污染物减排目标的成本降低 34-71%；（iii）当 BMP 采用靠近或上游的人口中心实施时，其净效益更高。
