USDA-ARS, Institute for Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management, 2615 Yellowstone Dr., Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA.
Retired. USDA-ARS, Institute for Environmentally Integrated Dairy Management, 2615 Yellowstone Dr., Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2020 Sep;49(5):1298-1309. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.20085. Epub 2020 Aug 16.
Tillage incorporation of manure can mitigate nutrient loss but increases erosion potential and damages cover crops. More information on the effects of low-disturbance manure application (LDMA) on corn yield, cover crop establishment, and soil properties is needed to better predict manure management practice trade-offs. Here, corn silage (Zea mays L.) yield, winter rye (Secale cereale L.) establishment, and soil nitrate concentrations were compared for a range of manure application methods, including broadcast incorporation, broadcast/disk, fertilizer N (spring applied at 67, 134, and 202 kg N ha ), and a no-manure control, at the University of Wisconsin's Marshfield Agricultural Research Station from 2012 to 2015. Compared with the control, manure and fertilizer N treatments increased corn yield by an average of 1.1- to 1.6-fold and 1.4- to 1.6-fold, respectively. Of the LDMA treatments (sweep-, strip till-, and coulter-injection; aerator/band; broadcast), corn yield was greatest for sweep injection, which did not differ from the high N fertilizer rate (P < .0001). Corn yield averaged across LDMA treatments did not differ from the 134 or 202 kg N ha yields. Compared with disking, LDMA maintained more crop residue (P < .0001), with levels comparable to the control. Soil nitrate-N at depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm was influenced by LDMA and fertilizer N; however, leaching to 60-90 cm was comparable among treatments. Results indicate that LDMA with injection conserved more N, caused less damage to winter rye, and had similar yields to fertilizer N treatments with improved soil aggregate stability and higher total carbon content.
翻耕粪肥的施用可以减轻养分损失，但会增加侵蚀潜力并破坏覆盖作物。为了更好地预测粪肥管理实践的权衡，需要更多关于低干扰粪肥施用（LDMA）对玉米产量、覆盖作物建立和土壤性质影响的信息。在这里，威斯康星大学马什菲尔德农业研究站在 2012 年至 2015 年期间，比较了一系列粪肥施用方法（包括撒播翻耕、撒播/圆盘、肥料 N（春季施用量为 67、134 和 202 kg N ha -1 ）和无粪肥对照）对青贮玉米（Zea mays L.）产量、冬黑麦（Secale cereale L.）建立和土壤硝酸盐浓度的影响。与对照相比，粪肥和肥料 N 处理分别使玉米产量平均增加了 1.1-1.6 倍和 1.4-1.6 倍。在 LDMA 处理（旋耕、带状耕、犁沟注肥；松土机/条播；撒播）中，玉米产量最高的是旋耕注肥，与高氮肥料用量无差异（P<0.0001）。LDMA 处理的玉米产量平均与 134 或 202 kg N ha 的产量无差异。与圆盘耕相比，LDMA 保持了更多的作物残茬（P<0.0001），与对照相当。0-30 cm 和 30-60 cm 深度的土壤硝态氮受 LDMA 和肥料 N 的影响；然而，到 60-90 cm 的淋失在处理间相当。结果表明，LDMA 注肥能更有效地保存氮，对冬黑麦的破坏较小，与肥料 N 处理的产量相似，同时具有改善的土壤团聚体稳定性和更高的总碳含量。
