School of Human and Social Sciences, Buckinghamshire New University, High Wycombe, UK.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2020 Nov-Dec;32(7-8):606-615. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2020.1814222. Epub 2020 Oct 5.
The journey of positive psychology becoming an established discipline (approximately 20 years) has seen both theoretical and empirical attention given to identity level, cognitive, behavioural and perceptual ways in which the 'best in us' can be identified and developed via what have come to be called 'positive psychology interventions' (PPIs). However, when we consider the anticipated impact of the 4IR on individuals we can predict the experiences of job losses, job change, and potentially the need for individuals to have multiple forms of work at any one time. If 'work' is viewed as one of the contributory structures to the nature of individual identity, then the consequences of the 4IR will impact the individual sense of identity, with a potential consequence to an individual sense of purpose, well-being and health. The article suggests that these experiences, psychologically, will be both an 'identity crisis' and an 'existential crisis'. This article proposes that there is an urgency of need and innovation to support individuals facing this change. Drawing on concepts of 'Positive Psychology 2.0' or 'Existential Positive Psychology' the article recommends two forms of PPIs as a potential support to affected individuals through an innovation in their nature and content which might offer a support to preserving and strengthening the sense of identity and of personal 'fit' while the backdrop of work and employment becomes volatile. Used in this way, the interventions would seek to influence the challenging existential experience of these job losses within the context and definition of existential positive psychology. The need for sensitive, cultural application and research on efficacy is discussed.
积极心理学成为一门成熟学科(大约 20 年)的历程见证了理论和实证研究关注身份层面、认知、行为和感知方式,通过所谓的“积极心理学干预”(PPIs)来发现和培养“我们最好的一面”。然而,当我们考虑到第四次工业革命对个人的预期影响时,我们可以预测到失业、工作变动,甚至可能需要个人在任何时候都有多种形式的工作。如果“工作”被视为个体身份本质的一个促成结构,那么第四次工业革命的后果将影响个人的身份认同感,可能对个人的目标感、幸福感和健康产生潜在影响。本文认为,这些经历在心理上既是“身份危机”,也是“存在危机”。本文提出,有必要创新,以支持面临这种变化的个人。本文借鉴“积极心理学 2.0”或“存在积极心理学”的概念,建议将两种形式的 PPI 作为一种潜在的支持方式,通过创新其性质和内容,为那些受到影响的个人提供支持,在工作和就业背景变得不稳定的情况下,保护和增强身份认同感和个人“适应性”。以这种方式使用干预措施,将试图在存在积极心理学的背景和定义内,影响这些失业带来的具有挑战性的存在体验。讨论了对功效的敏感、文化应用和研究的需求。