School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
School of Architecture, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Ergonomics. 2021 Feb;64(2):184-198. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1822548. Epub 2020 Oct 5.
The current studies explored the roles of the visuospatial and phonological working memory subsystems on drivers' gap acceptance and memory for approaching vehicles at junctions. Drivers' behaviour was measured in a high-fidelity driving simulator when at a junction, with, and without a visuospatial or phonological load. When asked to judge when to advance across the junction, gap acceptance thresholds, memory for vehicles and eye movements were not different when there was a secondary task compared to control. However, drivers' secondary task performance was more impaired in the visuospatial than phonological domain. These findings suggest that drivers were able to accept impairment in the secondary task while maintaining appropriate safety margins and situational awareness. These findings can inform the development of in-car technologies, improving the safety of road users at junctions. Despite research indicating that concurrent performance on working memory tasks impairs driving, a matched visuospatial or phonological memory load did not change drivers' gap acceptance or situational awareness at junctions. Drivers displayed appropriate compensatory behaviour by prioritising the driving task over the visuospatial secondary task. ROW: right of way; RIG: random time interval generation.
当前的研究探讨了视空间和语音工作记忆子系统在驾驶员交叉口车辆接近间隙接受和记忆中的作用。在驾驶模拟器中测量了驾驶员在交叉口的行为，在有和没有视空间或语音负载的情况下。当被要求判断何时穿过交叉口时，与对照相比，进行次要任务时的间隙接受阈值、车辆记忆和眼动没有差异。然而，驾驶员在视空间领域的次要任务表现比语音领域更差。这些发现表明，驾驶员在接受次要任务的损害的同时，仍能保持适当的安全裕度和情境意识。这些发现可以为车内技术的发展提供信息，提高交叉口道路使用者的安全性。尽管有研究表明，同时进行工作记忆任务会损害驾驶，但匹配的视空间或语音记忆负荷不会改变驾驶员在交叉口的间隙接受或情境意识。驾驶员通过将驾驶任务置于视空间次要任务之上，表现出适当的补偿行为。
