Ismail Helene, Shakkour Zaynab, Tabet Maha, Abdelhady Samar, Kobaisi Abir, Abedi Reem, Nasrallah Leila, Pintus Gianfranco, Al-Dhaheri Yusra, Mondello Stefania, El-Khoury Riyad, Eid Ali H, Kobeissy Firas, Salameh Johnny
Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Oct 1;9(10):943. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100943.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern worldwide and is classified based on severity into mild, moderate, and severe. The mechanical injury in TBI leads to a metabolic and ionic imbalance, which eventually leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a state of oxidative stress. To date, no drug has been approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of TBI. Nevertheless, it is thought that targeting the pathology mechanisms would alleviate the consequences of TBI. For that purpose, antioxidants have been considered as treatment options in TBI and were shown to have a neuroprotective effect. In this review, we will discuss oxidative stress in TBI, the history of antioxidant utilization in the treatment of TBI, and we will focus on two novel antioxidants, mitoquinone (MitoQ) and edaravone. MitoQ can cross the blood brain barrier and cellular membranes to accumulate in the mitochondria and is thought to activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway leading to an increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Edaravone is a free radical scavenger that leads to the mitigation of damage resulting from oxidative stress with a possible association to the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway as well.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是全球主要的健康问题，根据严重程度分为轻度、中度和重度。TBI中的机械损伤会导致代谢和离子失衡，最终导致活性氧（ROS）过度产生和氧化应激状态。迄今为止，尚无药物获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于治疗TBI。然而，人们认为针对病理机制将减轻TBI的后果。为此，抗氧化剂已被视为TBI的治疗选择，并显示出具有神经保护作用。在本综述中，我们将讨论TBI中的氧化应激、抗氧化剂在TBI治疗中的应用历史，并且我们将重点关注两种新型抗氧化剂，米托醌（MitoQ）和依达拉奉。MitoQ可以穿过血脑屏障和细胞膜在线粒体中积累，并被认为可激活Nrf2/ARE途径，导致抗氧化酶表达增加。依达拉奉是一种自由基清除剂，可减轻氧化应激造成的损伤，也可能与Nrf2/ARE途径的激活有关。
