Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01255, USA.
Cells. 2020 Oct 1;9(10):2221. doi: 10.3390/cells9102221.
Protein degradation is important for proper cellular physiology as it removes malfunctioning proteins or can provide a source for energy. Proteasomes and lysosomes, through the regulatory particles or adaptor proteins, respectively, recognize proteins destined for degradation. These systems have developed mechanisms to allow adaptation to the everchanging environment of the cell. While the complex recognition of proteins to be degraded is somewhat understood, the mechanisms that help switch the proteasomal regulatory particles or lysosomal adaptor proteins to adjust to the changing landscape of degrons, during infections or inflammation, still need extensive exploration. Therefore, this review is focused on describing the protein degradation systems and the possible sensors that may trigger the rapid adaptation of the protein degradation machinery.
蛋白质降解对于细胞的正常生理功能非常重要，它可以清除功能失调的蛋白质，或者为细胞提供能量来源。蛋白酶体和溶酶体通过调节颗粒或衔接蛋白分别识别将要降解的蛋白质。这些系统已经发展出了适应细胞不断变化的环境的机制。虽然对要降解的蛋白质的复杂识别已经有了一定的了解，但在感染或炎症期间，帮助调节蛋白酶体调节颗粒或溶酶体衔接蛋白以适应不断变化的降解信号的机制仍需要广泛探索。因此，本文综述主要集中描述蛋白质降解系统和可能触发蛋白质降解机制快速适应的传感器。
