Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Santobono, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
Viruses. 2020 Oct 1;12(10):1119. doi: 10.3390/v12101119.
Vertical transmission of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) from mother to infant is known to occur during labor, delivery or breastfeeding. Infection with mucosal HPV 6 and 11 may cause recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children, which is a rare and severe respiratory disease. The cutaneous HPV genotypes have also been described to be transmitted from mother to newborn through skin-to-skin contacts and during breastfeeding. To investigate the perinatal transmission of alpha and beta HPVs we collected nasopharyngeal specimens from 0-12-months-old infants born by vaginal delivery and breastfed at the time of sample collection. The mucosal and cutaneous HPVs were searched by nested PCR using the MY09/11-MGPs and CP65/70-CP66/69 primer sets, respectively, and genotypes identified by direct sequencing analysis. Fourteen out of 113 (12.4%) samples tested positive for HPV and sequence analysis allowed us to identify eight beta genotypes (HPV 5b, 20, 25, 100, 107, 124, 152 and RTRX7). Moreover, we performed a comprehensive review of published studies on the prevalence of mucosal and cutaneous HPVs among 5126 newborns and observed that 10% and 53% were positive for alpha and beta HPVs, respectively. In all studies there was an inverse correlation between the rate of alpha HPV positivity and age, while a significant positive trend was observed in beta HPV detection and age with the highest rate among children older than 12 months (Χ test for trend of 10.6, < 0.001). Further studies are needed to confirm the hypothesis that beta HPVs are transmitted to breastfeeding infants through shedding of viruses in the breast milk or on the external breast epithelium.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）垂直传播是已知的在分娩过程中从母亲到婴儿的传播途径，包括分娩或母乳喂养。黏膜型 HPV 6 和 11 感染可能导致儿童复发性呼吸道乳头瘤病，这是一种罕见且严重的呼吸道疾病。也有报道称，皮肤型 HPV 基因型可通过皮肤与皮肤接触和母乳喂养从母亲传播给新生儿。为了研究α和β HPV 的围产期传播，我们收集了 113 名经阴道分娩并在采集样本时进行母乳喂养的 0-12 个月龄婴儿的鼻咽样本。使用 MY09/11-MGPs 和 CP65/70-CP66/69 引物分别通过巢式 PCR 搜索黏膜和皮肤型 HPV，通过直接测序分析鉴定基因型。在 113 个样本中，有 14 个（12.4%）检测到 HPV 阳性，序列分析允许我们鉴定出 8 种β基因型（HPV 5b、20、25、100、107、124、152 和 RTRX7）。此外，我们对 5126 名新生儿黏膜和皮肤型 HPV 流行率的已发表研究进行了全面综述，观察到 10%和 53%的新生儿分别为α和β HPV 阳性。在所有研究中，α HPV 阳性率与年龄呈负相关，而β HPV 检测与年龄呈正相关，12 个月以上儿童的阳性率最高（趋势检验的 X 2 值为 10.6，<0.001）。需要进一步的研究来证实β HPV 通过在母乳中或乳房外上皮脱落传播给母乳喂养婴儿的假说。
