Biology Department, Mills College, Oakland, CA, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
J Anim Ecol. 2021 Jan;90(1):62-75. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13362. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
In the 4.5 decades since Altmann (1974) published her seminal paper on the methods for the observational study of behaviour, automated detection and analysis of social interaction networks have fundamentally transformed the ways that ecologists study social behaviour. Methodological developments for collecting data remotely on social behaviour involve indirect inference of associations, direct recordings of interactions and machine vision. These recent technological advances are improving the scale and resolution with which we can dissect interactions among animals. They are also revealing new intricacies of animal social interactions at spatial and temporal resolutions as well as in ecological contexts that have been hidden from humans, making the unwatchable seeable. We first outline how these technological applications are permitting researchers to collect exquisitely detailed information with little observer bias. We further recognize new emerging challenges from these new reality-mining approaches. While technological advances in automating data collection and its analysis are moving at an unprecedented rate, we urge ecologists to thoughtfully combine these new tools with classic behavioural and ecological monitoring methods to place our understanding of animal social networks within fundamental biological contexts.
自 1974 年 Altmann 发表关于行为观察研究方法的开创性论文以来,45 年来,自动化检测和分析社交互动网络从根本上改变了生态学家研究社交行为的方式。用于远程收集社交行为数据的方法学发展涉及关联的间接推断、互动的直接记录和机器视觉。这些最近的技术进步提高了我们能够剖析动物之间相互作用的规模和分辨率。它们还揭示了动物社会互动在空间和时间分辨率以及生态背景下的新复杂性,这些复杂性对于人类来说是隐藏的,使无法观察到的变得可见。我们首先概述了这些技术应用如何使研究人员能够以最小的观察者偏见收集非常详细的信息。我们进一步认识到这些新的“挖掘现实”方法带来的新出现的挑战。虽然数据收集和分析的自动化技术的发展速度前所未有,但我们敦促生态学家谨慎地将这些新工具与经典的行为和生态监测方法相结合,使我们对动物社交网络的理解置于基本的生物学背景中。