Park Sang Kyu, Diao Ying
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2020 Nov 21;49(22):8287-8314. doi: 10.1039/d0cs00638f. Epub 2020 Oct 6.
Molecular martensitic materials are an emerging class of smart materials with enormous tunability in physicochemical properties, attributed to the tailored molecular and crystal structures through molecular design. This class of materials exhibits ultrafast and reversible structural transitions in response to thermal and mechanical stimuli, which underlies fascinating properties such as thermoelasticity, superelasticity, ferroelasticity, and shape memory effect. These dynamic properties are not widely explored in molecular crystals and therefore molecular martensitic materials represent a new frontier in the field of solid-state chemistry. In martensitic transitions, the materials not only exhibit substantial shape changes but also remember the functions in the associated polymorphic phases. This suggests promising applicability towards light-weight actuators, lifts, dampers, sensors, shape-/function-memory and ultraflexible optoelectronic devices. In this article, we review characteristics, detailed transition mechanisms, and potential applications of molecular martensitic materials. In particular, we aim to describe transition characteristics by collecting cases with similar transition principles in order to glean insights into further advancement of molecular martensitic materials. Overall, we believe that molecular martensitic materials are emerging as the next generation smart materials that have shown promise in advancing a wide range of domains of applications.
分子马氏体材料是一类新兴的智能材料，其物理化学性质具有极大的可调性，这归因于通过分子设计实现的定制分子结构和晶体结构。这类材料在热和机械刺激下表现出超快且可逆的结构转变，这是热弹性、超弹性、铁弹性和形状记忆效应等迷人特性的基础。这些动态特性在分子晶体中尚未得到广泛研究，因此分子马氏体材料代表了固态化学领域的一个新前沿。在马氏体转变中，材料不仅会出现显著的形状变化，还会记住相关多晶型相中的功能。这表明其在轻质致动器、升降机、减震器、传感器、形状/功能记忆以及超柔性光电器件方面具有广阔的应用前景。在本文中，我们综述了分子马氏体材料的特性、详细的转变机制和潜在应用。特别是，我们旨在通过收集具有相似转变原理的案例来描述转变特性，以便深入了解分子马氏体材料的进一步发展。总体而言，我们认为分子马氏体材料正在成为下一代智能材料，在推动广泛的应用领域发展方面已展现出潜力。
