Giduck S A, Threatte R M, Kare M R
J Nutr. 1987 Jul;117(7):1191-6. doi: 10.1093/jn/117.7.1191.
Stimulation of the oral cavity immediately elicits salivation, gastric acid secretion and pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretions that serve to prepare the alimentary canal for digestion, transport and utilization of ingested nutrients. Oropharyngeal-stimulated responses are reliably initiated by the taste and smell of food. These gastrointestinal reflexes, often referred to as anticipatory or cephalic phase responses, are mediated by the autonomic nervous system and are believed to be independent of the postabsorptive effects of ingested nutrients. A common pathway used by cephalic phase responses to trigger gastrointestinal secretions is the vagus. Several studies have also demonstrated that cephalic stimulation activates both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and thus, many cephalic-metabolic reflexes may arise indirectly from more general physiological changes that accompany oropharyngeal stimulation. The present studies suggest that oral stimulation results in alterations in intestinal function. Specifically, oropharyngeal stimulation of conscious, unrestrained rats with sucrose increases the uptake of radioactive glucose from the small intestine into the hepatic portal blood.
口腔受到刺激会立即引发唾液分泌、胃酸分泌以及胰腺外分泌和内分泌分泌，这些分泌作用是为消化道准备好对摄入营养物质进行消化、运输和利用。口咽刺激引发的反应由食物的味道和气味可靠地启动。这些胃肠反射，通常被称为预期性或头期反应，由自主神经系统介导，并且被认为与摄入营养物质的吸收后效应无关。头期反应触发胃肠分泌所使用的一条常见途径是迷走神经。多项研究还表明，头面部刺激会激活交感神经系统和副交感神经系统，因此，许多头面部代谢反射可能间接源于伴随口咽刺激的更普遍的生理变化。目前的研究表明，口腔刺激会导致肠道功能改变。具体而言，用蔗糖对口咽刺激清醒、不受约束的大鼠，会增加放射性葡萄糖从小肠进入肝门静脉血的摄取量。
