Zafra María A, Molina Filomena, Puerto Amadeo
Psychobiology, Department of Experimental Psychology and Physiology of Behavior. Campus de Cartuja, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006;30(7):1032-44. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.03.005. Epub 2006 May 5.
The cephalic phase of nutrition refers to a set of food intake-associated autonomic and endocrine responses to the stimulation of sensory systems mainly located in the oropharyngeal cavity. These reactions largely occur in the digestive system, but they have also been observed in other structures. Most published data indicate that cephalic responses are mediated by the efferent component of the vagus nerve, although other neurobiological components and brain centers must be involved. The physiological significance of all of these reactions has yet to be fully elucidated, but when the cephalic phase of digestion is obviated major physiological and behavioral dysfunctions can be observed. This has led numerous authors to propose that their function may be essentially adaptive, preparing the digestive system for the reception, digestion, and absorption of the food. Study of the neural/cephalic phase and the consequences of its absence may have clinical relevance in the setting of artificial nutrition, and may explain the difficulties of providing enteral nutrition to many of the patients that require it.
营养的头期是指一组与食物摄入相关的自主神经和内分泌反应，这些反应是对主要位于口咽腔的感觉系统受到刺激的应答。这些反应主要发生在消化系统，但在其他结构中也有观察到。大多数已发表的数据表明，头期反应是由迷走神经的传出成分介导的，不过其他神经生物学成分和脑中枢也必定参与其中。所有这些反应的生理意义尚未完全阐明，但当消化的头期被消除时，可观察到主要的生理和行为功能障碍。这使得众多作者提出，它们的功能可能本质上是适应性的，为消化系统接收、消化和吸收食物做好准备。对头期/神经期及其缺失后果的研究在人工营养背景下可能具有临床意义，并且可能解释了为许多需要肠内营养的患者提供营养时所遇到的困难。
