Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, London Health Science Centre-Victoria Hospital, B2-401, London, ON N6H 5W9, Canada.
Nutrients. 2020 Oct 3;12(10):3031. doi: 10.3390/nu12103031.
The proportion of women of reproductive age who are overweight or obese is increasing globally. Gestational obesity is strongly associated in both human studies and animal models with early-onset development of adult-associated metabolic diseases including metabolic syndrome in the exposed offspring. However, animal model studies have suggested that gestational diet in obese pregnancies is an independent but underappreciated mediator of offspring risk for later life metabolic disease, and human diet consumption data have highlighted that many women do not follow nutritional guidelines prior to and during pregnancy. Thus, this review will highlight how maternal diet independent from maternal body composition impacts the risk for later-life metabolic disease in obesity-exposed offspring. A poor maternal diet, in combination with the obese metabolic state, are understood to facilitate pathological in utero programming, specifically through changes in lipid handling processes in the villous trophoblast layer of the placenta that promote an environment associated with the development of metabolic disease in the offspring. This review will additionally highlight how maternal obesity modulates villous trophoblast lipid processing functions including fatty acid transport, esterification and beta-oxidation. Further, this review will discuss how altering maternal gestational diet may ameliorate these functional changes in lipid metabolic processes in the obese placenta.
全球范围内，处于生育年龄的超重或肥胖女性比例不断增加。在人类研究和动物模型中，妊娠期肥胖与成年后代谢疾病的早期发生密切相关，包括暴露后代的代谢综合征。然而，动物模型研究表明，肥胖妊娠中的妊娠期饮食是后代成年后代谢疾病风险的一个独立但未被充分认识的中介因素，而人类饮食消费数据则强调许多女性在怀孕前和怀孕期间并不遵循营养指南。因此，本综述将重点介绍母体饮食如何独立于母体身体成分影响肥胖暴露后代的晚年代谢疾病风险。不良的母体饮食与肥胖的代谢状态相结合，被认为有利于病理性宫内编程，特别是通过改变胎盘绒毛滋养层中的脂质处理过程，促进与后代代谢疾病发展相关的环境。本综述还将重点介绍母体肥胖如何调节绒毛滋养层的脂质处理功能，包括脂肪酸转运、酯化和β氧化。此外，本综述将讨论改变母体妊娠期饮食如何改善肥胖胎盘中脂质代谢过程的这些功能变化。
