Radic Marija, Vosen Agnes
Fraunhofer-Zentrum für Internationales Management und Wissensökonomie IMW, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Deutschland.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2020 Nov;53(7):630-636. doi: 10.1007/s00391-020-01791-6. Epub 2020 Oct 7.
In 2030 there will be 4 million people in need of care in Germany; however, the nursing care sector is already suffering from a shortage of skilled workers. Innovative approaches are thus required. One possible solution with high future potential is the use of assistive robots that provide support in everyday and work tasks. The aim of this study was to analyze the ethical, legal and social aspects of the use of assistance robots in clinics and care facilities in more detail. The empirical survey addressed decision makers in these organizations who are responsible for making purchasing decisions in the introduction of robotic assistance systems.
Using an online survey, decision makers from more than 160 hospitals and care facilities throughout Germany were interviewed between October and December 2018.
The interviewees of the study did not see any absolute exclusion criteria for the use of assistance robots in care with respect to ethical, legal and social aspects. The majority of the participants were not concerned that assistance robots will replace jobs in healthcare. Especially the personalized communication with robots was predominantly seen as positive. With respect to data protection and the decrease of human contact as a consequence of the introduction of assistance robots, the participants were divided. Half of the interviewees also expected a behavioral change due to the presence of a robot.
The study showed that from a top management perspective in hospitals and nursing homes, a clarification specifically of legal questions on data protection is necessary and needs to be addressed by politics. Robot manufacturers should also concentrate on the topics of data protection and data security in order to gain acceptance of their solutions.
到2030年，德国将有400万人需要护理；然而，护理行业已经面临技术工人短缺的问题。因此，需要创新方法。一种具有巨大未来潜力的可能解决方案是使用辅助机器人，它们可以在日常和工作任务中提供支持。本研究的目的是更详细地分析在诊所和护理机构中使用辅助机器人的伦理、法律和社会方面。实证调查针对的是这些组织中负责在引入机器人辅助系统时做出采购决策的决策者。
2018年10月至12月期间，通过在线调查对德国160多家医院和护理机构的决策者进行了访谈。
该研究的受访者在伦理、法律和社会方面未发现护理中使用辅助机器人有任何绝对排除标准。大多数参与者并不担心辅助机器人会取代医疗保健领域的工作。特别是与机器人的个性化交流主要被视为积极的。在数据保护以及引入辅助机器人导致人际接触减少方面，参与者存在分歧。一半的受访者还预计由于机器人的存在会导致行为改变。
该研究表明，从医院和养老院的高层管理角度来看，有必要特别澄清数据保护方面的法律问题，这需要政治层面加以解决。机器人制造商也应专注于数据保护和数据安全主题，以便其解决方案获得认可。
