Kanaya Hiroyuki J, Park Sungeon, Kim Ji-Hyung, Kusumi Junko, Krenenou Sofian, Sawatari Etsuko, Sato Aya, Lee Jongbin, Bang Hyunwoo, Kobayakawa Yoshitaka, Lim Chunghun, Itoh Taichi Q
Department of Biology, School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
Sci Adv. 2020 Oct 7;6(41). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abb9415. Print 2020 Oct.
Sleep behaviors are observed even in nematodes and arthropods, yet little is known about how sleep-regulatory mechanisms have emerged during evolution. Here, we report a sleep-like state in the cnidarian with a primitive nervous organization. sleep was shaped by homeostasis and necessary for cell proliferation, but it lacked free-running circadian rhythms. Instead, we detected 4-hour rhythms that might be generated by ultradian oscillators underlying sleep. Microarray analysis in sleep-deprived revealed sleep-dependent expression of 212 genes, including cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PRKG1) and ornithine aminotransferase. Sleep-promoting effects of melatonin, GABA, and PRKG1 were conserved in However, arousing dopamine unexpectedly induced sleep. Opposing effects of ornithine metabolism on sleep were also evident between and , suggesting the evolutionary switch of their sleep-regulatory functions. Thus, sleep-relevant physiology and sleep-regulatory components may have already been acquired at molecular levels in a brain-less metazoan phylum and reprogrammed accordingly.
即使在 nematodes 和节肢动物中也观察到了睡眠行为，但对于睡眠调节机制在进化过程中是如何出现的却知之甚少。在这里，我们报告了一种具有原始神经组织的刺胞动物中的类似睡眠状态。睡眠由内稳态塑造，对细胞增殖是必需的，但它缺乏自主的昼夜节律。相反，我们检测到了可能由睡眠基础的超日振荡器产生的 4 小时节律。对睡眠剥夺的微阵列分析揭示了 212 个基因的睡眠依赖性表达，包括 cGMP 依赖性蛋白激酶 1（PRKG1）和鸟氨酸转氨酶。褪黑素、GABA 和 PRKG1 的促睡眠作用在 中是保守的。然而，令人意外的是，唤醒多巴胺诱导了 睡眠。鸟氨酸代谢对睡眠的相反作用在 和 之间也很明显，表明它们的睡眠调节功能发生了进化转变。因此，与睡眠相关的生理学和睡眠调节成分可能在无脑后生动物门的分子水平上就已经获得，并相应地重新编程。
