Disciplina de Mastologia, Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), Rua Prestes João, 130, São Paulo, 04032-010, Brazil.
J Cancer Educ. 2022 Jun;37(3):829-833. doi: 10.1007/s13187-020-01892-1. Epub 2020 Oct 9.
This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) and the awareness of screening and risk factors for breast cancer among patients from a mastology clinic and to associate such findings with sociodemographic factors of that population. A total of 202 randomly selected patients from the outpatient clinic of the Mastology Unit of São Paulo School of Medicine were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was used and included questions regarding sociodemographic variables, questions to assess the knowledge and practice of BSE, and knowledge of mammographic screening and risk factors for breast cancer. The vast majority of patients were aware of the existence of BSE (93.1%). BSE was performed by most patients (64.9%), although only 20.3% performed it adequately. Only 21.8% of respondents showed awareness of the best screening method for breast cancer. Furthermore, 17.3% of patients showed adequate awareness of risk factors for breast cancer. The analysis of sociodemographic variables showed that older, postmenopausal, and less-educated women showed better practice of BSE. Overall, the patients had no adequate awareness of BSE, mammographic screening, and risk factors for breast cancer, and the majority failed to practice BSE adequately, particularly the group of patients with the higher level of education. These data show that educational measures regarding the practice of BSE and, especially, mammograms should be emphasized, regardless of education level or family income of the patient.
本研究旨在评估乳腺自我检查（BSE）的认知和实践情况，以及乳腺肿瘤学门诊患者对乳腺癌筛查和风险因素的认知，并将这些发现与该人群的社会人口学因素相关联。我们对来自圣保罗医学院乳腺肿瘤学门诊的 202 名随机患者进行了访谈。使用了一份结构化问卷，其中包括关于社会人口学变量的问题、评估 BSE 知识和实践的问题，以及对乳房 X 线照片筛查和乳腺癌风险因素的认知。绝大多数患者都意识到 BSE 的存在（93.1%）。大多数患者（64.9%）进行了 BSE，但只有 20.3%的患者进行得恰当。仅有 21.8%的受访者意识到乳腺癌最佳筛查方法。此外，17.3%的患者对乳腺癌的风险因素有足够的认识。社会人口学变量的分析表明，年龄较大、绝经后和受教育程度较低的女性更倾向于进行 BSE。总体而言，患者对 BSE、乳房 X 线照片筛查和乳腺癌风险因素的认知不足，大多数患者未能恰当地进行 BSE，特别是教育程度较高的患者群体。这些数据表明，无论患者的教育水平或家庭收入如何，都应强调开展关于 BSE 实践，尤其是乳房 X 线照片筛查的教育措施。
