教育水平和家庭收入对印度梅加拉亚邦（Meghalaya）Shillong 地区女大学生乳腺癌认知的影响。
Impact of Educational Level and Family income on Breast Cancer Awareness among College-Going Girls in Shillong (Meghalaya), India.
机构信息
Cancer Foundation of India, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Civil Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
出版信息
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2020 Dec 1;21(12):3639-3646. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.12.3639.
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women in India and shows an increasing trend. The mammography screening seems unfeasible as a public health service in India. Thus, breast self-examination (BSE), followed by clinical breast examination (CBE), is the affordable method to downstage BC. A cross-sectional study was conducted with senior school and college-going girls in Shillong (Meghalaya) to study the impact of girls' academic level and family income on breast cancer knowledge and the prevalence of BC's known risk factors in girls. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect relevant information. The data were analysed using statistical software SPSS version 22. The categorical data presented as frequency (%) and the comparison made using Chi-square or Fisher exact test.
RESULTS
(i) 78.2% girls knew about breast cancer, 19.2% of these were aware of BSE, and 22.9% of BSE knowing ever performed it (ii) Awareness of breast cancer and BSE, and its practice is significantly associated with their academic level and family income (iii) The consumption of alcohol beverages and physical activity of girls was positively associated with educational level and family income (iv) Body mass index (BMI) was weakly associated with family income with an insignificant relationship with academic level (v) oily food consumption related inversely with the level of education irrespective of family income (vi) there was a positive correlation between parents education and family income.
CONCLUSIONS
The results show a severe lack of breast cancer knowledge in senior school and college-going girls under the survey. To spread community awareness, we suggest a public health policy-driven educational intervention through culturally relevant mass/social media on the risk factors of breast cancer and practice of BSE. It is also recommended that dedicated facilities be created for breast cancer early diagnosis in the public health system.
背景
乳腺癌（BC）是印度女性中最常见的癌症，呈上升趋势。乳腺 X 光筛查作为印度的公共卫生服务似乎不可行。因此，乳房自我检查（BSE），其次是临床乳房检查（CBE），是降低 BC 分期的经济实惠方法。我们在梅加拉亚邦的 Shillong 对高中和大学女生进行了一项横断面研究，以研究女孩的学术水平和家庭收入对乳腺癌知识的影响，以及 BC 已知危险因素在女孩中的流行情况。方法：采用自填式问卷收集相关信息。使用统计软件 SPSS 版本 22 分析数据。分类数据表示为频率（%），并使用卡方或 Fisher 精确检验进行比较。
结果
（i）78.2%的女孩了解乳腺癌，其中 19.2%的女孩了解 BSE，22.9%的女孩曾进行过 BSE（ii）对乳腺癌和 BSE 的认识及其实施与她们的学术水平和家庭收入显著相关（iii）女孩饮酒和体育活动与教育水平和家庭收入呈正相关（iv）体重指数（BMI）与家庭收入呈弱相关，与学术水平无显著关系（v）无论家庭收入如何，食用油腻食物与教育程度呈负相关（vi）父母教育与家庭收入呈正相关。
结论
结果表明，在接受调查的高中生和大学生中，严重缺乏乳腺癌知识。为了普及社区意识，我们建议通过文化相关的大众/社交媒体，针对乳腺癌的危险因素和 BSE 的实践，实施一项公共卫生政策驱动的教育干预措施。还建议在公共卫生系统中为乳腺癌早期诊断创建专门的设施。
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