UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
Department of Philosophy, University of Nottingham, Humanities Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jan 1;277:111447. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111447. Epub 2020 Oct 6.
Concepts of 'human values' and 'wellbeing' are central in environmental planning, especially during the group deliberations that underpin expert and participatory processes. However, there are long-standing, unresolved controversies concerning both concepts with many debates being highly theoretical. Therefore, we suggest it is more productive to develop definitions and models that are task-specific (mid-level theory). To this end, we use purpose-built value sets and models to explain the relationships among values and wellbeing, and to demarcate values, desires, and personality. The derived concepts are designed for group deliberations and could readily be combined with existing decision support tools, such as structured decision making. Outputs from the work also inform current debates within the environmental domain including, for example, those surrounding the intrinsic value of nature, and ideas concerning plural values versus a single overarching value (monism). We also define 'wellbeing' as an evaluative statement that supports assessments of trade-offs and co-benefits.
“人类价值观”和“福祉”的概念是环境规划的核心，特别是在支撑专家和参与式流程的群体审议中。然而，这两个概念长期存在悬而未决的争议，许多争论都是高度理论性的。因此，我们建议开发特定于任务的定义和模型（中级理论）更为有效。为此，我们使用专门构建的价值集和模型来解释价值观和福祉之间的关系，并划分价值观、欲望和个性。由此得出的概念旨在用于群体审议，并可与现有的决策支持工具（如结构化决策）相结合。该工作的成果还为环境领域的当前辩论提供了信息，例如，围绕自然内在价值的辩论，以及关于多元价值与单一主导价值（一元论）的思想。我们还将“福祉”定义为支持权衡和共同效益评估的评价性陈述。
