UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
J Environ Manage. 2020 Feb 15;256:109955. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109955. Epub 2019 Dec 17.
Understanding how values interact is fundamental to planning the conservation and use of natural resources. However, practitioners who apply value classifications use a diversity of approaches. Does this matter? In answering this question, we propose that well-constructed classifications contribute to planning by: clarifying definitions and underlying concepts; providing a basis for assessing synergies and trade-offs; explaining some ethical constraints, including aspects of governance and power; and providing a framework for cross-cultural analysis. To test these propositions we develop complementary value classifications for end state values and principles together with supporting theory, assumptions, and criteria. The proposed classifications are then compared with alternatives including those based on 'needs', 'capabilities', and total economic value. We find that the alternatives fail against key criteria and this hampers their capacity to fulfil the four roles proposed above. Therefore, we conclude that although value classifications are important and may vary depending on purpose, they need to be well-constructed - that is, supporting theory, assumptions, and criteria should be explicit.
理解价值观之间的相互作用对于规划自然资源的保护和利用至关重要。然而，应用价值分类的从业者使用了多种方法。这有关系吗？在回答这个问题时，我们提出，精心构建的分类通过以下方式有助于规划：澄清定义和基本概念；为评估协同作用和权衡提供基础；解释一些道德约束，包括治理和权力方面；并为跨文化分析提供框架。为了检验这些命题，我们为最终状态价值和原则以及支持的理论、假设和标准制定了补充的价值分类。然后，将提出的分类与其他分类进行比较，包括基于“需求”、“能力”和总经济价值的分类。我们发现，替代方案在关键标准上存在缺陷，这限制了它们履行上述四个角色的能力。因此，我们得出结论，尽管价值分类很重要，并且可能因目的而异，但它们需要精心构建，即支持理论、假设和标准应该是明确的。
