School of Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Clinic and.
School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, St. George's University, St. George, Grenada.
J Food Prot. 2021 Mar 1;84(3):368-371. doi: 10.4315/JFP-20-255.
In scombroid poisoning, a seafood-associated disease, consumption of fish that contains high levels of histamine results in allergy-like symptoms that range from mild to occasionally severe. To date, there is no published information on scombroid poisoning from Selar crumenophthalmus on the Caribbean island of Grenada, West Indies. S. crumenophthalmus is of particular interest because it is a common and heavily consumed fish that has been implicated in scombroid poisoning in Hawaii. Preliminary data on S. crumenophthalmus in Grenada have demonstrated the presence of Photobacterium damselae, a bacterium associated with scombroid poisoning. The present study further tested S. crumenophthalmus purchased in Grenada for factors that would indicate the potential for scombroid poisoning, including increased histamine levels in fish muscle and DNA evidence of bacteria associated with scombroid poisoning. Histamine levels between 7,160 and 66,688 ppm were found after temperature abuse at 37°C for 19 h; this far exceeds the acceptable limit for the United States (50 ppm) and the European Union (100 to 200 ppm). Even after 4 h of incubation at ambient temperature (28.9°C) during a time-point study, histamine levels exceeded U.S. acceptable limits (>50 ppm), and five samples used for temperature-abuse studies had elevated histamine levels (ranging from 141 to 2,510 ppm) at 0 h. PCR and sequence analysis of bacteria in temperature-abused fish identified P. damselae and Morganella morganii, which are histamine-producing bacteria known to be implicated in scombroid poisoning. These results suggest the potential for scombroid poisoning in Grenada and the need for promoting awareness about this disease.
在鲭鱼中毒中，食用含有高水平组氨酸的鱼类会导致过敏样症状，从轻度到偶尔严重不等。迄今为止，尚无关于西印度群岛格林纳达加勒比海岛屿上的鲭鱼中毒的已发表信息。S. crumenophthalmus 特别有趣，因为它是一种常见且大量消费的鱼类，曾在夏威夷引发鲭鱼中毒。格林纳达 S. crumenophthalmus 的初步数据表明存在 Photobacterium damselae，这是一种与鲭鱼中毒相关的细菌。本研究进一步测试了在格林纳达购买的 S. crumenophthalmus，以寻找可能导致鲭鱼中毒的因素，包括鱼肌肉中组胺水平升高和与鲭鱼中毒相关的细菌的 DNA 证据。在 37°C 下温度滥用 19 小时后，发现组胺水平在 7,160 到 66,688 ppm 之间；这远远超过了美国（50 ppm）和欧盟（100 至 200 ppm）的可接受限值。即使在时间点研究中在环境温度（28.9°C）下孵育 4 小时后，组胺水平也超过了美国可接受的限值（>50 ppm），并且在温度滥用研究中使用的五个样本在 0 小时时组胺水平升高（范围为 141 至 2,510 ppm）。在温度滥用的鱼类中，细菌的 PCR 和序列分析鉴定出 Photobacterium damselae 和 Morganella morganii，这两种产组胺细菌已知与鲭鱼中毒有关。这些结果表明格林纳达可能发生鲭鱼中毒，需要提高对这种疾病的认识。
