Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, New Zealand.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020 Dec;28(12):2368-2378. doi: 10.1002/oby.22994. Epub 2020 Oct 10.
Ethnic differences in fat deposition contribute to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Identification of biomarkers that underpin dysglycemia are needed for better-targeted prevention and treatment.
The cross-sectional thin-on-the-outside-fat-on-the-inside (TOFI)_Asia study investigated adipose depots and clinical biomarkers as predictors of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin resistance (IR; assessed using the updated homeostatic model assessment of IR) in lean and overweight normo- and dysglycemic Chinese (n = 199) and Caucasian (n = 158) individuals. Multivariate least-angle regression models were used to identify predictors of FPG and IR.
At similar age and BMI, Chinese individuals had lower body weight but had a greater percentage of total abdominal adipose tissue and a greater percentage of total visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (all P < 0.005). In Chinese individuals, FPG, hemoglobin A , fasting insulin, and triglycerides were higher, whereas HDL cholesterol and total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels were lower (all P < 0.0001). Raised liver enzyme and peptide concentrations (P < 0.02) were consistent with increased T2D risk. Lean Chinese women (<25 kg/m ) had greater total abdominal adipose tissue (kilograms) and VAT (kilograms) than Caucasian women, exhibiting the TOFI profile, with raised FPG (P < 0.001) and IR (P = 0.01). Risk factors for elevated FPG specific to Chinese individuals included male gender, VAT, and triglycerides (R = 0.33), and risk factors for IR specific to Chinese individuals included amylin, C-peptide, and glucagon (R = 0.49). VAT, amylin, and C-peptide were predictors in Caucasian individuals.
VAT contributed to dysglycemia in both ethnicities, particularly in Chinese individuals characterized by the TOFI phenotype, as did the glucoregulatory peptides amylin and C-peptide, providing targets for T2D prevention.
脂肪沉积的种族差异导致 2 型糖尿病（T2D）。需要确定支持糖代谢异常的生物标志物，以便更好地进行有针对性的预防和治疗。
横断面研究“瘦的外面脂肪厚的里面（TOFI）_亚洲”研究调查了脂肪组织和临床生物标志物作为空腹血糖（FPG）和胰岛素抵抗（IR；使用更新的稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗）的预测因子在瘦和超重的中国（n=199）和白种人（n=158）个体中的作用。使用最小角回归模型来确定 FPG 和 IR 的预测因子。
在相似的年龄和 BMI 下，中国人的体重较低，但总腹部脂肪组织和总内脏脂肪组织（VAT）的百分比更大（均 P<0.005）。在中国人群中，FPG、糖化血红蛋白、空腹胰岛素和甘油三酯较高，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和总及高分子量脂联素水平较低（均 P<0.0001）。升高的肝酶和肽浓度（P<0.02）与 T2D 风险增加一致。体重正常的中国女性（<25kg/m ）比白人女性的总腹部脂肪组织（公斤）和 VAT（公斤）更大，表现出 TOFI 特征，FPG（P<0.001）和 IR（P=0.01）升高。中国个体中升高 FPG 的特定危险因素包括男性、VAT 和甘油三酯（R 2 =0.33），而中国个体中 IR 的特定危险因素包括胰淀素、C 肽和胰高血糖素（R 2 =0.49）。VAT、胰淀素和 C 肽是白人个体的预测因子。
VAT 导致两种族裔的糖代谢异常，尤其是在表现出 TOFI 表型的中国个体中，糖调节肽胰淀素和 C 肽也是如此，为 T2D 预防提供了靶点。
