Macias Alejandro E, McElhaney Janet E, Chaves Sandra S, Nealon Joshua, Nunes Marta C, Samson Sandrine I, Seet Bruce T, Weinke Thomas, Yu Hongjie
Department of Medicine and Nutrition, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
Vaccine. 2021 Mar 15;39 Suppl 1:A6-A14. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.048. Epub 2020 Oct 9.
Although influenza is primarily considered a respiratory infection and causes significant respiratory mortality, evidence suggests that influenza has an additional burden due to broader consequences of the illness. Some of these broader consequences include cardiovascular events, exacerbations of chronic underlying conditions, increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, functional decline, and poor pregnancy outcomes, all of which may lead to an increased risk for hospitalization and death. Although it is methodologically difficult to measure these impacts, epidemiological and interventional study designs have evolved over recent decades to better take them into account. Recognizing these broader consequences of influenza virus infection is essential to determine the full burden of influenza among different subpopulations and the value of preventive approaches. In this review, we outline the main influenza complications and societal impacts beyond the classical respiratory symptoms of the disease.
虽然流感主要被视为一种呼吸道感染并导致显著的呼吸道死亡率，但有证据表明，由于该疾病更广泛的后果，流感还带来了额外负担。其中一些更广泛的后果包括心血管事件、慢性基础疾病加重、继发细菌感染易感性增加、功能衰退和不良妊娠结局，所有这些都可能导致住院和死亡风险增加。尽管从方法学角度衡量这些影响存在困难，但近几十年来，流行病学和干预性研究设计不断发展，以便更好地考虑这些影响。认识到流感病毒感染的这些更广泛后果对于确定不同亚人群中流感的全部负担以及预防措施的价值至关重要。在本综述中，我们概述了该疾病经典呼吸道症状之外的主要流感并发症和社会影响。
