Thomas Swapna, Ouhtit Allal, Al Khatib Hebah A, Eid Ali H, Mathew Shilu, Nasrallah Gheyath K, Emara Mohamed M, Al Maslamani Muna A, Yassine Hadi M
Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
J Infect Public Health. 2022 Apr;15(4):412-424. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.03.002. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
Over the past two decades, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been receiving increasing attention among autoimmune diseases. The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes has increased rapidly and has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore, a better understanding of the genetic and environmental risk factors that trigger the onset of DM would help develop more efficient therapeutics and preventive measures. The role and mechanism of respiratory viruses in inducing autoimmunity have been frequently reported. On the other hand, the association of DM with respiratory infections might result in severe complications or even death. Since influenza is the most common respiratory infection, DM patients experience disease severity and increased hospitalization during influenza season. Vaccinating diabetic patients against influenza would significantly reduce hospitalization due to disease severity. However, recent studies also report the role of viral vaccines in inducing autoimmunity, specifically diabetes. This review reports causes of diabetes, including genetic and viral factors, with a special focus on respiratory viruses. We further brief the burden of influenza-associated complications and the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in DM patients.
在过去二十年中，糖尿病（DM）在自身免疫性疾病中受到越来越多的关注。1型和2型糖尿病的患病率迅速上升，已成为全球主要死因之一。因此，更好地了解引发糖尿病发病的遗传和环境风险因素将有助于开发更有效的治疗方法和预防措施。呼吸道病毒在诱导自身免疫中的作用和机制已被频繁报道。另一方面，糖尿病与呼吸道感染的关联可能导致严重并发症甚至死亡。由于流感是最常见的呼吸道感染，糖尿病患者在流感季节会经历病情加重和住院率增加。为糖尿病患者接种流感疫苗将显著降低因病情严重而导致的住院率。然而，最近的研究也报道了病毒疫苗在诱导自身免疫，特别是糖尿病方面的作用。本综述报告了糖尿病的病因，包括遗传和病毒因素，特别关注呼吸道病毒。我们还简要介绍了流感相关并发症的负担以及流感疫苗在糖尿病患者中的有效性。
