Wing Allison A, Stauffer Catherine L, Becker Tobias, Reed Kevin A, Ahn Min-Seop, Arnold Nathan P, Bony Sandrine, Branson Mark, Bryan George H, Chaboureau Jean-Pierre, De Roode Stephan R, Gayatri Kulkarni, Hohenegger Cathy, Hu I-Kuan, Jansson Fredrik, Jones Todd R, Khairoutdinov Marat, Kim Daehyun, Martin Zane K, Matsugishi Shuhei, Medeiros Brian, Miura Hiroaki, Moon Yumin, Müller Sebastian K, Ohno Tomoki, Popp Max, Prabhakaran Thara, Randall David, Rios-Berrios Rosimar, Rochetin Nicolas, Roehrig Romain, Romps David M, Ruppert James H, Satoh Masaki, Silvers Levi G, Singh Martin S, Stevens Bjorn, Tomassini Lorenzo, van Heerwaarden Chiel C, Wang Shuguang, Zhao Ming
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA.
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg Germany.
J Adv Model Earth Syst. 2020 Sep;12(9):e2020MS002138. doi: 10.1029/2020MS002138. Epub 2020 Sep 18.
The Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project (RCEMIP) is an intercomparison of multiple types of numerical models configured in radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE). RCE is an idealization of the tropical atmosphere that has long been used to study basic questions in climate science. Here, we employ RCE to investigate the role that clouds and convective activity play in determining cloud feedbacks, climate sensitivity, the state of convective aggregation, and the equilibrium climate. RCEMIP is unique among intercomparisons in its inclusion of a wide range of model types, including atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs), single column models (SCMs), cloud-resolving models (CRMs), large eddy simulations (LES), and global cloud-resolving models (GCRMs). The first results are presented from the RCEMIP ensemble of more than 30 models. While there are large differences across the RCEMIP ensemble in the representation of mean profiles of temperature, humidity, and cloudiness, in a majority of models anvil clouds rise, warm, and decrease in area coverage in response to an increase in sea surface temperature (SST). Nearly all models exhibit self-aggregation in large domains and agree that self-aggregation acts to dry and warm the troposphere, reduce high cloudiness, and increase cooling to space. The degree of self-aggregation exhibits no clear tendency with warming. There is a wide range of climate sensitivities, but models with parameterized convection tend to have lower climate sensitivities than models with explicit convection. In models with parameterized convection, aggregated simulations have lower climate sensitivities than unaggregated simulations.
辐射对流平衡模型对比项目（RCEMIP）是对多种配置为辐射对流平衡（RCE）的数值模型进行的对比。RCE是热带大气的一种理想化状态，长期以来一直用于研究气候科学中的基本问题。在此，我们采用RCE来研究云与对流活动在确定云反馈、气候敏感性、对流聚合状态和平衡气候方面所起的作用。RCEMIP在对比项目中独具特色，它纳入了广泛的模型类型，包括大气环流模型（GCMs）、单柱模型（SCMs）、云分辨模型（CRMs）、大涡模拟（LES）和全球云分辨模型（GCRMs）。本文展示了来自30多个模型的RCEMIP集合的首批结果。虽然RCEMIP集合中各模型在温度、湿度和云量平均廓线的表示上存在很大差异，但在大多数模型中，砧状云会随着海面温度（SST）升高而上升、变暖且面积覆盖范围减小。几乎所有模型在大尺度区域都表现出自我聚合现象，并且一致认为自我聚合会使对流层变干变暖、减少高云量并增加向太空的冷却。自我聚合程度并未随变暖呈现出明显趋势。气候敏感性范围很广，但采用对流参数化的模型往往比采用显式对流的模型具有更低的气候敏感性。在采用对流参数化的模型中，聚合模拟的气候敏感性低于非聚合模拟。
