Araki Yoshihiko, Yoshitake Hiroshi, Yamatoya Kenji, Fujiwara Hiroshi
Institute of Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Immunol Med. 2021 Sep;44(3):152-158. doi: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1831219. Epub 2020 Oct 11.
Mammalian pregnancy is a curious life phenomenon. Immunologically, the mechanism of pregnancy is difficult to explain because it involves the coexistence of an external foreign body (the embryo) and the host (the mother) for a period of time. How did mammals acquire the ability to become pregnant in parallel with altered immunity? Sex in the evolution of life and its impact on anthropology are major topics of discussion. In this paper, we outline (1) sex and evolution in mammals after the advent of our direct ancestors (apes) up to humans (i.e., the Cenozoic Quaternary), including anthropological aspects such as the development of the central nervous system; (2) the development of reproductive immunity during the Paleozoic era, when biodiversity developed explosively (and many sexually reproducing organisms have emerged); and (3) the characteristic reproductive strategies of mammals, including humans with the immunological aspects of viviparity. We present an overview of mammalian reproductive immunity, which is a heretical aspect of immunology.
哺乳动物的怀孕是一种奇特的生命现象。从免疫学角度来看，怀孕的机制很难解释，因为它涉及到一个外来异物（胚胎）与宿主（母亲）在一段时间内的共存。哺乳动物是如何在免疫功能改变的同时获得怀孕能力的呢？生命进化中的性别及其对人类学的影响是主要的讨论话题。在本文中，我们概述了：（1）自我们的直系祖先（猿类）出现到人类（即新生代第四纪）这一时期哺乳动物的性别与进化，包括诸如中枢神经系统发育等人类学方面；（2）古生代时期生殖免疫的发展，当时生物多样性呈爆发式发展（并且出现了许多有性生殖生物）；以及（3）哺乳动物独特的生殖策略，包括人类的胎生免疫方面。我们对哺乳动物生殖免疫进行了概述，这是免疫学中一个非传统的方面。
