Samardžija M, Lojkić M, Maćešić N, Valpotić H, Butković I, Šavorić J, Žura Žaja I, Leiner D, Đuričić D, Marković F, Kočila P, Vidas Z, Gerenčer M, Kaštelan A, Milovanović A, Lazarević M, Rukavina D, Valpotić I
Clinic for Obstetrics and Reproduction of Animals, Veterinary Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Department for Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Veterinary Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Vet Q. 2020 Dec;40(1):353-383. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1852336.
Literally, reproductive immunology was born in bovine on-farm reproduction where seminal experiments intended for developing methods for embryo transfer in cattle were performed. Actually, these experiments led to two of major concepts and fundamental principles of reproductive immunology using the bovine species as a model for biomedical research, namely the concept of acquired immunological tolerance and the paradox of the semiallogeneic bovine foetus whereby such organism can develop within an immunologically competent host. Peter Medawar, a scientist who together with Frank Macfarlande Burnet shared the 1960 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance, while studying dizygotic cattle twins, thereby giving birth to reproductive immunology. Also, these findings significantly influenced development of organ transplants and showed that using farm animals as models for studying transplantation immunology had general relevance for mammalian biology and health including those of humans. However, the interest for further research of the fascinating maternal immune influences on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes and of the prevention and treatment of immunologically mediated reproductive disorders in viviparous mammals of veterinary relevance by veterinary immunologists and reproductive clinicians have been very scarce regarding the application of nonspecific immunomodulatory agents for prevention and treatment of subfertility and infertility in pigs and cattle, but still broadening knowledge in this area and hold great potential for improving such therapy in the future. The aim of the current overview is to provide up-to-date information and explaining/translating relevant immunology phenomena into veterinary practice for specialists and scientists/clinicians in reproduction of animals.
从字面上看，生殖免疫学诞生于牛的农场繁殖领域，当时进行了旨在开发牛胚胎移植方法的开创性实验。实际上，这些实验以牛作为生物医学研究的模型，引出了生殖免疫学的两个主要概念和基本原理，即获得性免疫耐受的概念以及半同种异体牛胎儿的悖论，即这样的生物体能够在具有免疫能力的宿主体内发育。彼得·梅达沃（Peter Medawar）是一位科学家，他与弗兰克·麦克法兰·伯内特（Frank Macfarlande Burnet）因发现获得性免疫耐受而共同获得了1960年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。他在研究牛的异卵双胞胎时，从而催生了生殖免疫学。此外，这些发现对器官移植的发展产生了重大影响，并表明以农场动物为模型研究移植免疫学对包括人类在内的哺乳动物生物学和健康具有普遍意义。然而，兽医免疫学家和生殖临床医生对进一步研究母体免疫对妊娠和围产期结局的迷人影响，以及对与兽医相关的胎生哺乳动物免疫介导的生殖障碍的预防和治疗，在应用非特异性免疫调节剂预防和治疗猪和牛的亚生育力和不育方面的兴趣一直非常稀少，但仍在拓宽该领域的知识，并在未来改善此类治疗方面具有巨大潜力。本综述的目的是为动物繁殖领域的专家和科学家/临床医生提供最新信息，并将相关免疫学现象解释/转化为兽医实践。
