Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Psychol Med. 2022 Jul;52(9):1736-1745. doi: 10.1017/S0033291720003529. Epub 2020 Oct 13.
Although aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity has been reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we have a limited understanding of whether connectivity alterations are related to the familial risk of ADHD.
Fifty-three probands with ADHD, their unaffected siblings ( = 53) and typically developing controls ( = 53) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. A seed-based approach with the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was used to derive a whole-brain functional connectivity map in each subject. The differences in functional connectivity among the three groups were tested with one-way ANOVA using randomized permutation. Comparisons between two groups were also performed to examine the increase or decrease in connectivity. The severity of ADHD symptoms was used to identify brain regions where symptom severity is correlated to the strength of intrinsic functional connectivity.
When compared to controls, both probands and unaffected siblings showed increased functional connectivity in the left insula and left inferior frontal gyrus. The connectivity in these regions was linked to better performance in response inhibition in the control group but absent in other groups. Higher ADHD symptom severity was correlated with increased functional connectivity in bilateral fronto-parietal-temporal regions only noted in probands with ADHD.
Alterations in resting-state functional connectivities with the precuneus/PCC, hubs of default-mode network, account for the underlying familial risks of ADHD. Since the left insula and left inferior frontal gyri are key regions of the salience and frontoparietal network, respectively, future studies focusing on alterations of cross-network functional connectivity as the familial risk of ADHD are suggested.
尽管注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）存在异常的固有功能连接，但我们对连接改变是否与 ADHD 的家族风险有关知之甚少。
53 名 ADHD 先证者、未受影响的兄弟姐妹（=53）和正常对照组（=53）接受静息态功能磁共振成像扫描。采用双侧楔前叶/后扣带回皮质（PCC）的种子点方法，在每个受试者中获得全脑功能连接图。使用随机置换的单向方差分析测试三组之间功能连接的差异。还进行了两组之间的比较，以检查连接的增加或减少。使用 ADHD 症状的严重程度来识别与固有功能连接强度相关的大脑区域。
与对照组相比，先证者和未受影响的兄弟姐妹在左侧脑岛和左侧额下回显示出功能连接增加。这些区域的连接与对照组中反应抑制的更好表现相关，但在其他组中不存在。ADHD 症状严重程度与双侧额顶颞叶区域的功能连接增加相关，仅在 ADHD 先证者中观察到。
与默认模式网络的中心——楔前叶/PCC 的静息状态功能连接改变解释了 ADHD 的潜在家族风险。由于左脑岛和左侧额下回分别是突显和额顶网络的关键区域，因此建议未来的研究集中于 ADHD 的家族风险的跨网络功能连接改变。
