Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA.
Cortex. 2024 Oct;179:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.06.019. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent, inheritable, and heterogeneous childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders. Children with a hereditary background of ADHD have heightened risk of having ADHD and persistent impairment symptoms into adulthood. These facts suggest distinct familial-specific neuropathological substrates in ADHD that may exist in anatomical components subserving attention and cognitive control processing pathways during development. The objective of this study is to investigate the topological properties of the gray matter (GM) structural brain networks in children with familial ADHD (ADHD-F), non-familial ADHD (ADHD-NF), as well as matched controls. A total of 452 participants were involved, including 132, 165 and 155 in groups of ADHD-F, ADHD-NF and typically developed children, respectively. The GM structural brain network was constructed for each group using graph theoretical techniques with cortical and subcortical structures as nodes and correlations between volume of each pair of the nodes within each group as edges, while controlled for confounding factors using regression analysis. Relative to controls, children in both ADHD-F and ADHD-NF groups showed significantly higher nodal global and nodal local efficiencies in the left caudal middle frontal gyrus. Compared to controls and ADHD-NF, children with ADHD-F showed distinct structural network topological patterns associated with right precuneus (significantly higher nodal global efficiency and significantly higher nodal strength), left paracentral gyrus (significantly higher nodal strength and trend toward significantly higher nodal local efficiency) and left putamen (significantly higher nodal global efficiency and trend toward significantly higher nodal local efficiency). Our results for the first time in the field provide evidence of familial-specific structural brain network alterations in ADHD, that may contribute to distinct clinical/behavioral symptomology and developmental trajectories in children with ADHD-F.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见、可遗传和异质性的儿童期起病的神经发育障碍之一。具有 ADHD 遗传背景的儿童患 ADHD 的风险更高，并且成年后持续存在损害症状。这些事实表明，ADHD 存在特定于家族的神经病理学基础，这些基础可能存在于发育过程中注意力和认知控制处理途径的解剖成分中。本研究的目的是研究家族性 ADHD（ADHD-F）、非家族性 ADHD（ADHD-NF）儿童以及匹配对照者的灰质（GM）结构脑网络的拓扑特性。共有 452 名参与者入组，包括 ADHD-F 组 132 名、ADHD-NF 组 165 名和对照组 155 名。使用基于皮质和皮质下结构作为节点、每个组内每对节点体积之间相关性作为边的图论技术为每个组构建 GM 结构脑网络，同时使用回归分析控制混杂因素。与对照组相比，ADHD-F 组和 ADHD-NF 组的儿童左侧额中回后部的节点全局和节点局部效率均显著升高。与对照组和 ADHD-NF 组相比，ADHD-F 组的儿童存在与右侧楔前叶（节点全局效率显著升高和节点强度显著升高）、左侧旁中央回（节点强度显著升高和节点局部效率呈升高趋势）和左侧壳核（节点全局效率显著升高和节点局部效率呈升高趋势）相关的独特结构网络拓扑模式。本研究首次在该领域提供了 ADHD 存在家族特异性结构脑网络改变的证据，这可能导致 ADHD-F 儿童具有不同的临床/行为症状和发育轨迹。
