Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, As, Norway.
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2021;41:539-596. doi: 10.21775/cimb.041.539. Epub 2020 Oct 13.
The cell wall of is a rigid structure on the outside of the cell that forms the first barrier between the bacterium and the environment, and at the same time maintains cell shape and withstands the pressure generated by the cell's turgor. In this review, the chemical composition of peptidoglycan, teichoic and teichuronic acids, the polymers that comprise the cell wall, and the biosynthetic pathways involved in their synthesis will be discussed, as well as the architecture of the cell wall. has been the first bacterium for which the role of an actin-like cytoskeleton in cell shape determination and peptidoglycan synthesis was identified and for which the entire set of peptidoglycan synthesizing enzymes has been localised. The role of the cytoskeleton in shape generation and maintenance will be discussed and results from other model organisms will be compared to what is known for . Finally, outstanding questions in the field of cell wall synthesis will be discussed.
是一种刚性结构，位于细胞外部，形成细菌与环境之间的第一道屏障，同时维持细胞形状并承受细胞膨压产生的压力。在这篇综述中，将讨论构成细胞壁的肽聚糖、磷壁酸和脂磷壁酸的化学组成，以及它们合成所涉及的生物合成途径，以及细胞壁的结构。 是第一个确定肌动蛋白样细胞骨架在细胞形状确定和肽聚糖合成中的作用的细菌，并且已经定位了整套肽聚糖合成酶。将讨论细胞骨架在形状生成和维持中的作用，并将其他模式生物的结果与 的已知结果进行比较。最后，将讨论细胞壁合成领域的悬而未决的问题。
