School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Oct 8;12(10):648. doi: 10.3390/toxins12100648.
Mycotoxigenic fungi and their toxins are a global concern, causing huge economic and health impacts in developing countries such as Ethiopia, where the mycotoxin control system is inadequate. This work aimed to review the occurrences of agriculturally essential fungi such as , , and and their major mycotoxins in Ethiopian food/feedstuffs. The incidents of crucial toxins, including aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2, M1), fumonisins (B1, B2), zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and ochratoxin A, were studied. The impacts of chronic aflatoxin exposure on liver cancer risks, synergy with chronic hepatitis B infection, and possible links with Ethiopian childhood malnutrition were thoroughly examined. In addition, health risks of other potential mycotoxin exposure are also discussed, and the impacts of unsafe level of mycotoxin contaminations on economically essential export products and livestock productions were assessed. Feasible mycotoxin mitigation strategies such as biocontrol methods and binding agents (bentonite) were recommended because they are relatively cheap for low-income farmers and widely available in Ethiopia, respectively. Moreover, Ethiopian mycotoxin regulations, storage practice, adulteration practice, mycotoxin tests, and knowledge gaps among value chain actors were highlighted. Finally, sustained public awareness was suggested, along with technical and human capacity developments in the food control sector.
产毒真菌及其毒素是一个全球性的问题，在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家造成了巨大的经济和健康影响，因为这些国家的霉菌毒素控制系统不完善。本工作旨在综述埃塞俄比亚食品/饲料中农业必需真菌（如、、和 ）及其主要霉菌毒素的发生情况。研究了关键毒素（包括黄曲霉毒素（B1、B2、G1、G2、M1）、伏马菌素（B1、B2）、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和赭曲霉毒素 A）的发生情况。还深入研究了慢性黄曲霉毒素暴露对肝癌风险的影响、与慢性乙型肝炎感染的协同作用以及与埃塞俄比亚儿童营养不良的可能联系。此外，还讨论了其他潜在霉菌毒素暴露的健康风险，并评估了不安全水平的霉菌毒素污染对经济上重要的出口产品和畜牧业生产的影响。由于生物防治方法和结合剂（膨润土）相对便宜，适合低收入农民，而且在埃塞俄比亚广泛可用，因此推荐了可行的霉菌毒素缓解策略。此外，还强调了埃塞俄比亚的霉菌毒素法规、储存实践、掺假实践、霉菌毒素检测以及价值链参与者之间的知识差距。最后，建议持续提高公众意识，并在食品控制部门发展技术和人力资源。
