Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
Bioinformatics Institute, St. Petersburg, 197342, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2020 Sep;85(9):1011-1034. doi: 10.1134/S0006297920090035.
Active accumulation of the data on new amyloids continuing nowadays dissolves boundaries of the term "amyloid". Currently, it is most often used to designate aggregates with cross-β structure. At the same time, amyloids also exhibit a number of other unusual properties, such as: detergent and protease resistance, interaction with specific dyes, and ability to induce transition of some proteins from a soluble form to an aggregated one. The same features have been also demonstrated for the aggregates lacking cross-β structure, which are commonly called "amyloid-like" and combined into one group, although they are very diverse. We have collected and systematized information on the properties of more than two hundred known amyloids and amyloid-like proteins with emphasis on conflicting examples. In particular, a number of proteins in membraneless organelles form aggregates with cross-β structure that are morphologically indistinguishable from the other amyloids, but they can be dissolved in the presence of detergents, which is not typical for amyloids. Such paradoxes signify the need to clarify the existing definition of the term amyloid. On the other hand, the demonstrated structural diversity of the amyloid-like aggregates shows the necessity of their classification.
目前，活性地积累有关新淀粉样物的数据正在不断消解“淀粉样物”这一术语的界限。如今，它最常用于指代具有交叉-β结构的聚集物。同时，淀粉样物还表现出许多其他不寻常的特性，例如：耐去污剂和蛋白酶、与特定染料相互作用、以及诱导一些蛋白质从可溶性形式向聚集形式转变的能力。缺乏交叉-β结构的聚集物也具有相同的特性，通常被称为“类淀粉样物”，并被归为一类，尽管它们非常多样化。我们收集并系统化了两百多种已知淀粉样物和类淀粉样蛋白的特性信息，重点关注相互矛盾的例子。特别是，无膜细胞器中的许多蛋白质形成具有交叉-β结构的聚集物，其形态与其他淀粉样物无法区分，但它们可以在去污剂的存在下溶解，这是淀粉样物的典型特征。这些悖论表明需要澄清现有淀粉样物术语的定义。另一方面，类淀粉样聚集物表现出的结构多样性表明需要对其进行分类。
