Poitout D, Novakovitch G
Int Orthop. 1987;11(3):169-78. doi: 10.1007/BF00271443.
Fresh allografts of bone are commonly used for repairing small defects, but preserved grafts are required for replacing large sections of long bones. We have collected these grafts in sterile conditions and then preserved the specimens in liquid nitrogen at minus 196 degrees Celsius. Biological, histological and biomechanical studies have confirmed the value of this technique. The method preserves the normal architecture of bone and viable cartilage cells. The medullary cells are gradually destroyed in situ leaving a protein matrix to which mineral components are fixed. Neither of these are antigenic in allografts and immunological problems are rarely encountered. When the recipient site is well vascularised the graft becomes fully integrated within two or three years. Doubt has been expressed as to the functional viability of the cartilage in large allograft joint replacements, and is has been suggested that metal prostheses might be better. Research is in progress in the use of ligament allografts and on the use of bank bone with large prostheses. The functional results are satisfactory in more than 90% of patients treated with these large allografts.
新鲜同种异体骨常用于修复小的骨缺损，但替换长骨的大部分则需要保存的移植物。我们在无菌条件下收集这些移植物，然后将标本保存在零下196摄氏度的液氮中。生物学、组织学和生物力学研究证实了该技术的价值。该方法保留了骨的正常结构和存活的软骨细胞。骨髓细胞在原位逐渐被破坏，留下一个固定有矿物质成分的蛋白质基质。这些在同种异体移植物中都没有抗原性，很少遇到免疫问题。当受区血运良好时，移植物在两三年内会完全整合。对于大型同种异体关节置换中软骨的功能活性存在疑问，有人认为金属假体可能更好。目前正在进行韧带同种异体移植以及使用带大型假体的库存骨的研究。使用这些大型同种异体移植物治疗的患者中，超过90%的功能结果令人满意。
