Carr M E
J Emerg Med. 1987 Jul-Aug;5(4):311-22. doi: 10.1016/0736-4679(87)90261-7.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), resulting in an acute bleeding diathesis, is always a secondary complication of an underlying disease. Coagulation triggered by the primary process causes consumption of clotting factors and platelets, and ischemic damage secondary to fibrin deposition. Concurrent activation of the fibrinolytic system results in additional clotting factor consumption and the production of fibrin-degradation products (FDP). The combination of decreased clotting factors, FDP, and thrombocytopenia may ultimately culminate in a bleeding diathesis. The balance between the thrombotic and hemorrhagic processes results in a constellation of signs and symptoms. Diagnosis depends on an awareness of predisposing pathologic states and the application of appropriate laboratory tests. Therapy consists of treating the underlying disease and temporizing with an appropriate replacement therapy. Heparin infusion may be of benefit under certain circumstances. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of DIC, including new laboratory tests and experimental therapy, are reviewed.
弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）可导致急性出血素质，它始终是一种潜在疾病的继发性并发症。原发过程引发的凝血会导致凝血因子和血小板的消耗，以及纤维蛋白沉积继发的缺血性损伤。纤溶系统的同时激活会导致更多凝血因子的消耗以及纤维蛋白降解产物（FDP）的产生。凝血因子减少、FDP和血小板减少的综合作用最终可能导致出血素质。血栓形成和出血过程之间的平衡导致一系列体征和症状。诊断取决于对易感病理状态的认识以及适当实验室检查的应用。治疗包括治疗潜在疾病并采用适当的替代疗法进行临时处理。在某些情况下，输注肝素可能有益。本文综述了DIC的发病机制、诊断和治疗，包括新的实验室检查和实验性治疗。
