Rowley P T, Skuse G R
Int J Cell Cloning. 1987 Jul;5(4):255-66. doi: 10.1002/stem.5530050402.
Oncogenes are a class of genes hypothesized to be causally related to neoplasia. To date, specific oncogenes have been recognized chiefly by their ability to transform test cells to a neoplastic phenotype. This has been accomplished largely through mutational analysis of the genotype of retroviruses or through the analysis of tumor cell DNA by in vitro transfection of rodent fibroblasts. Oncogenes are believed to arise by some genetic alteration from normal cellular genes called proto-oncogenes. Although the normal function of most proto-oncogenes is unknown, it has been proposed that they may function as tissue-specific and temporally specific regulators of differentiation. The role of oncogenes in lymphoid malignancies has been extensively analyzed. Less is known about their role in myeloid leukemias and especially in normal myelopoiesis. Space limitations permit discussion of only salient features of a limited number of oncogenes; we have arbitrarily selected myc, myb, fos, fms, fes, sis, and abl.
癌基因是一类被假设与肿瘤形成有因果关系的基因。迄今为止，特定癌基因主要是通过它们将测试细胞转化为肿瘤表型的能力而被识别出来的。这在很大程度上是通过对逆转录病毒基因型进行突变分析，或通过对啮齿类成纤维细胞进行体外转染来分析肿瘤细胞DNA来实现的。癌基因被认为是由正常细胞基因（称为原癌基因）发生某些基因改变而产生的。虽然大多数原癌基因的正常功能尚不清楚，但有人提出它们可能作为组织特异性和时间特异性的分化调节因子发挥作用。癌基因在淋巴系统恶性肿瘤中的作用已得到广泛分析。它们在髓系白血病尤其是正常髓系造血中的作用则了解较少。限于篇幅，这里仅讨论少数癌基因的显著特征；我们随意选择了myc、myb、fos、fms、fes、sis和abl。
