Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2020 Oct;79(3):343-353. doi: 10.1007/s00244-020-00766-3. Epub 2020 Oct 15.
Accidents involving economic activities of great impact, such as mining, have caused massive environmental damage. In November 2015, the dam of Fundão, located in the city of Mariana, MG, broke and released 5 × 10 m of tailings in the nearby ecosystems, including the Doce River. The physicochemical changes that occurred in the Doce River estuary were analyzed, as well as the trace metal concentrations, both 1 day before and 1 month after the disaster. The analyses of the collected samples (water and sediment) showed changes to the physicochemistry regarding dissolved oxygen, SPM, and temperature (p = 0.008, 0.001, 0.036, respectively). It also detected metals (Fe and Al) in the dissolved fraction beyond the limits recommended by the Brazilian legislation. There was an increase in the total concentrations of Fe and Cd in the sediment after the rupture of the dam and a change in mobile metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn), with higher concentrations of mobile metals being found closer to the ocean (p = 0.06356). After the rupture of the dam, there was a change in the granulometric fraction of the sediment, which became composed mainly of silt and clay. All of the results showed a change on the Doce River estuary, caused by the arrival of the tailings, which can result in future harmful effects with the release of metals present in the sediment and adsorbed to the particles. The changes to the sediment, such as changes in the granulometric fraction, can have negative consequences for the benthic community.
涉及重大经济活动的事故，如采矿，会造成大规模的环境破坏。2015 年 11 月，位于米纳斯吉拉斯州马里亚纳市的丰达罗尾矿坝决堤，将 5×10^6 立方米的尾矿排入附近的生态系统，包括多斯雷斯河。分析了多斯雷斯河口发生的理化变化以及灾难发生前后 1 天和 1 个月的痕量金属浓度。对采集的样本（水和沉积物）进行分析表明，溶解氧、SSP 和温度的理化性质发生了变化（p=0.008、0.001 和 0.036）。还检测到溶解部分的金属（Fe 和 Al）超出了巴西法规规定的限度。大坝决堤后，沉积物中 Fe 和 Cd 的总浓度增加，且移动金属（Al、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）发生变化，靠近海洋的移动金属浓度更高（p=0.06356）。大坝决堤后，沉积物的粒度组成发生了变化，主要由粉砂和粘土组成。所有结果均表明，尾矿的到来改变了多斯雷斯河口，这可能导致未来因释放沉积物中存在的金属和吸附在颗粒上的金属而产生有害影响。沉积物的变化，如粒度组成的变化，可能对底栖生物群落产生负面影响。
