National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 32, Novy Arbat Street, Moscow, Russia, 121099.
Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Pr, Tomsk, Russia, 634050.
Ambio. 2021 Nov;50(11):2060-2071. doi: 10.1007/s13280-020-01387-9. Epub 2020 Oct 14.
The diet of Indigenous Peoples of North-Western Siberia is characterized by a significant proportion of traditional foods. Eating local products provides a ready-made set of macro- and microelements necessary for life in the challenging conditions of the Arctic. Currently, high consumption of traditional foods is typical in the season of fishing or reindeer slaughter, while out of season the consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates increases. Due to climate change, seasonal fishing and traditional migration routes are disrupted and, therefore, the consumption of traditional foods is decreasing. During 5 years of expeditions, we performed a cross-sectional screening of 985 Indigenous People from three districts of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. We analyzed the seasonality of acquisition and consumption of local reindeer and fish products and studied the traditional food storage among 90 Indigenous fishermen and hunters, who exploit cryostorage. As diet affects health, we studied the benefits of local food. The duration of the consumption season is decreasing and therefore the amount of consumption of local food is decreasing as well. This has adverse effects on health with increasing hypertension dissemination. The creation of stocks of fish and reindeer meat in villages and their year-round sale to the population is a necessary step for ensuring the food security and health of the inhabitants in the region.
西伯利亚西北部的原住民饮食以大量传统食物为特色。食用当地产品提供了一套现成的宏量和微量元素，这些元素是在北极极具挑战性的条件下生存所必需的。目前，在捕鱼或驯鹿宰杀的季节，传统食物的高消耗是很典型的，而在非季节，易消化碳水化合物的消耗会增加。由于气候变化，季节性捕鱼和传统的迁徙路线被打乱，因此传统食物的消耗正在减少。在为期 5 年的探险中，我们对亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区的三个区的 985 名原住民进行了横断面筛查。我们分析了当地驯鹿和鱼类产品的获取和消费的季节性，并研究了 90 名利用冷冻储存技术的原住民渔民和猎人的传统食物储存方式。由于饮食会影响健康，我们研究了当地食物的好处。食用季节的持续时间正在缩短，因此当地食物的食用量也在减少，这对健康造成了负面影响，导致高血压的传播率上升。在村庄里储存鱼类和驯鹿肉，并全年向居民销售，是确保该地区居民的粮食安全和健康的必要步骤。
