García Molinos Jorge, Yamada Daichi, Parilova Varvara, Khasanov Shokhrukh, Gabyshev Viacheslav, Makarov Andrey, Narita Daiju, Okhlopkov Innokentiy, Zhang Zhixin, Sakapaji Stephen C, Gavrilyeva Tuyara
Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita-21 Nishi-11 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8524, Japan.
PNAS Nexus. 2024 Nov 19;3(12):pgae523. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae523. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Traditional food systems support the livelihoods and well-being of rural Indigenous communities, particularly in remote, asset-poor areas. However, the diversity of wild foods is in global decline under the accelerating impacts of climate and environmental change with major but poorly understood implications for dependent communities. Here, we combine a comprehensive systematic household survey involving 400 households from 18 rural Indigenous settlements across the Republic of Sakha, a vast and climate change sensitive region in the Russian Far East, with species distribution models for 51 food species of animals, plants, and fungi to (i) profile current household dependencies on wild food harvesting; (ii) project future (2050s) changes in the regional distribution and local availability of wild foods under alternative climate and land use change scenarios; and (iii) discuss their combined potential implications. We find that current dependencies, understood as shares of the total food consumed and income by household, are on average relatively low across settlements, albeit with important regional variability. Remote and isolated settlements in the Arctic region of the Republic of Sakha have greater levels of dependency with stronger links to animal products, while those in the southern and central regions, which are better connected and closer to major urban areas, have lower levels of dependency and are dominated by nonanimal products (plant-based products and fungi). These dependency patterns contrast with projected changes in the regional distribution and local availability of food species, signaling major turnovers of species with important potential implications for dependent rural livelihoods.
传统食物系统支持农村原住民社区的生计和福祉，尤其是在偏远、资源匮乏的地区。然而，在气候和环境变化加速的影响下，野生食物的多样性正在全球范围内减少，这对依赖这些食物的社区产生了重大但却鲜为人知的影响。在此，我们结合了一项全面的系统性家庭调查（涉及俄罗斯远东地区一个广阔且对气候变化敏感的地区——萨哈共和国18个农村原住民定居点的400户家庭）以及51种动物、植物和真菌食物物种的分布模型，以（i）描述当前家庭对野生食物采集的依赖情况；（ii）预测在不同气候和土地利用变化情景下，未来（2050年代）该地区野生食物的分布和当地可获取性的变化；以及（iii）讨论它们综合起来可能产生的影响。我们发现，从家庭消费的食物总量和收入份额来看，目前各定居点的依赖程度平均相对较低，尽管存在重要的区域差异。萨哈共和国北极地区偏远和孤立的定居点对野生食物的依赖程度更高，与动物产品的联系更为紧密，而南部和中部地区的定居点，由于与主要城市地区联系更紧密且距离更近，依赖程度较低，且以非动物产品（植物性产品和真菌）为主。这些依赖模式与食物物种区域分布和当地可获取性的预测变化形成对比，这表明物种将发生重大转变，对依赖野生食物的农村生计具有重要的潜在影响。
