Management of Orthostatic Hypotension, Postprandial Hypotension, and Supine Hypertension.

This review provides recommendations for the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH), postprandial hypotension, and supine hypertension. It focuses on novel treatment strategies and new insights into the mechanism underlying these conditions. Our goal is to provide practical advice for clinicians on how to screen, diagnose, and treat these conditions with nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches. For each disorder, we offered a stepwise recommendation on how to apply these new concepts to successfully ameliorate the symptoms associated with OH to prevent syncope and falls. The management of OH in patients who also have supine hypertension requires special considerations and pharmacotherapy. It is noteworthy that there are few therapeutic options for OH and only two Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for the treatment of OH and nOH based on randomized clinical trials. We will use these studies to develop evidence-based guidelines for OH. The research is limited for postprandial hypotension and supine hypertension, and therefore the recommendations will be based on small studies, clinical expertise, and, above all, an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology.