Feasibility of discontinuation of corticosteroid maintenance therapy in heart transplantation.

Corticosteroid maintenance immunosuppression therapy was successfully discontinued in 24 of 46 patients (52%) who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation between March 8, 1985 and September 1, 1986. In the remaining 22 patients three or more rejection episodes occurred within a 4-month period, and these patients were subsequently maintained on low to moderate dosages of corticosteroids. Patients successfully withdrawn from corticosteroid maintenance (group 1) have remained rejection free for 208 +/- 33 days (mean +/- SEM) after discontinuation of the maintenance therapy with corticosteroids, and their immunosuppression therapy has consisted only of cyclosporine (mean overall cumulative dose 198 +/- 11 mg/m2/day [5.17 +/- 0.35 mg/kg/day]) and azathioprine (mean overall cumulative dose 67.7 +/- 5.4 mg/m2/day [1.74 +/- 0.13 mg/kg/day]), with the most recent serum cyclosporine level and white blood cell count being 146 +/- 10 ng/ml and 5400 +/- 200/microliters, respectively. In contrast to the patients who continue to require maintenance therapy with corticosteroids (group 2), group 1 patients developed their first episode of rejection later (46.8 +/- 8.3 days versus 25.4 +/- 6.1 days, p = 0.040) and reject less frequently during the first 4 months after transplantation (1.7 +/- 0.2 episodes versus 2.6 +/- 0.2 episodes, p = 0.005) as well as during the entire follow-up period (0.21 +/- 0.02 episodes/month versus 0.30 +/- 0.02 episodes/month, p = 0.005). The decreased propensity to reject and subsequent corticosteroid discontinuation resulted in a decreased cumulative dose of corticosteroids in group 1 patients (10.9 +/- 1.9 mg prednisone equivalent/m2/day [0.28 +/- 0.04 mg/kg/day] versus 17.0 +/- 1.2 mg prednisone equivalent/m2/day [0.42 +/- 0.04 mg/kg/day], p = 0.011 [p = 0.026]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)