State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish Breeding, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
Zool Res. 2020 Nov 18;41(6):741-747. doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.064.
The restocking of the endangered Kanglang white minnow ( ) in Lake Fuxian, China, has been conducted for 13 years. However, few studies have reported on the effectiveness of the captive breeding and release of this species. Here, we investigated variations in morphology, including body shape and skeletal deformities, and genetic features among hatchery-born and recaptured . from Lake Fuxian. Results showed that current hatchery-reared fish displayed a stubbier body shape than their wild conspecifics from the 1980s. Furthermore, high skeletal deformity ratios were found in two aquafarms (Luchong, 50%; Haikou, 45.2%), and the release of malformed fish elevated the skeletal deformity rate of wild stocks found near the Lake Fuxian release sites (west coast, 19.0%; east coast, 12.5%). Based on variations in the cytochrome (cyt ) gene, existing populations showed relatively high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. Hatchery populations exhibited reduced genetic variations based on microsatellite markers and reintroduction led to markedly lower genetic diversity around the west coast release sites of Lake Fuxian. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of cyt and microsatellite analysis showed that the greatest genetic variations were found within populations, and genetic distance and Bayesian clustering analysis showed that the 14 populations clustered into one group. Based on morphological and genetic tests, we discuss corresponding recommendations, including release size, feed formulations, breeding strategies, and release tags, to minimize potential risks and improve hatchery practices for better restocking of this species.
中国抚仙湖濒危的抗浪白鱼已进行了 13 年的再引进工作。然而，很少有研究报道过该物种的圈养繁殖和释放的效果。在这里，我们调查了形态学（包括体型和骨骼畸形）和遗传特征的变化，比较了抚仙湖人工养殖和重新捕获的抗浪白鱼。结果表明，目前人工养殖的鱼类体型比 20 世纪 80 年代的野生同类更短。此外，在两个养殖场（泸冲，50%；海口，45.2%）发现了高比例的骨骼畸形，畸形鱼的释放增加了抚仙湖释放点附近野生种群的骨骼畸形率（西海岸，19.0%；东海岸，12.5%）。基于细胞色素 c （cyt ）基因的变异，现有的抗浪白鱼种群表现出相对较高的单倍型多样性和较低的核苷酸多样性。基于微卫星标记，人工养殖种群表现出遗传变异减少，而重新引入则导致抚仙湖西海岸释放点周围的遗传多样性明显降低。cyt 和微卫星分析的分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明，种群内的遗传变异最大，遗传距离和贝叶斯聚类分析表明，14 个种群聚类为一组。基于形态学和遗传学测试，我们讨论了相应的建议，包括释放规模、饲料配方、繁殖策略和释放标记，以最大程度地降低潜在风险，并改善该物种的人工养殖实践。
