Stringwell R, Lock A, Stutchbury C J, Baggett E, Taylor J, Gough P J, Garcia de Leaniz C
Swansea University, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research, Department of BioSciences, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
J Fish Biol. 2014 Dec;85(6):1927-45. doi: 10.1111/jfb.12543.
Changes in body shape, fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and crypsis were compared among Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fry kept as controls in captivity and those released and subsequently recaptured in the wild according to a before-after-control-impact (BACI) design. Hatchery fish that survived in the wild became more cryptic and displayed a much lower incidence of fin erosion and of asymmetric individuals than control fish kept in captivity. Significant differences in body shape were also apparent, and survivors had longer heads, thicker caudal peduncles and a more streamlined body shape than hatchery controls as early as 20 days following stocking, most likely as a result of phenotypic plasticity and non-random, selective mortality of maladapted phenotypes. Hatchery-reared fish typically perform poorly in the wild and the results of this study indicate that this may be due to phenotypic mismatch, i.e. because hatcheries generate fish that are phenotypically mismatched to the natural environment.
根据前后对照影响（BACI）设计，比较了圈养作为对照的大西洋鲑鱼苗与放归野外随后重新捕获的鱼苗在体型变化、波动不对称性（FA）和拟态方面的差异。在野外存活下来的孵化场鱼苗比圈养的对照鱼苗更具拟态，并且鳍侵蚀和不对称个体的发生率要低得多。体型上的显著差异也很明显，早在放养鱼苗20天后，存活者就比孵化场对照鱼苗头部更长、尾柄更粗且体型更流线型，这很可能是表型可塑性以及适应不良表型的非随机选择性死亡的结果。孵化场养殖的鱼通常在野外表现不佳，本研究结果表明这可能是由于表型不匹配，即孵化场培育出的鱼在表型上与自然环境不匹配。
