Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Chemosphere. 2021 Feb;264(Pt 1):128401. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128401. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
Crude oil and its derivatives are primary energy resources for humans, and processes involving these materials could affect aquatic environments. Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity is a suitable biomarker for exposure to organophosphate pesticides. Under controlled conditions, fish exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene and anthracene, showed inhibition of this biomarker; however, PAHs with a low molecular weight did not induce changes or cause stimulation of AChE activity. Diverse responses of fish exposed to soluble fractions of crude oil, fuels or gasoline were documented. Most studies in which AChE activity was considered for environmental monitoring have been performed to evaluate the presence of pesticides, and the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons are unclear. The objective of this review was to provide the recent status of research on this topic and suggest proposals for future investigations. To establish the suitability of this biomarker in fish species exposed to these pollutants and to determine their neurotoxic effects, researchers must determinate the mechanism involved in the AChE inhibition by petroleum hydrocarbons, unify criteria concerning the experimental in vitro and in vivo designs and apply multivariate statistical and correlation analyses between these pollutants with AChE activity in field studies.
原油及其衍生品是人类的主要能源资源，涉及这些物质的过程可能会影响水生环境。乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性是接触有机磷农药的合适生物标志物。在受控条件下，鱼类暴露于多环芳烃（PAHs），如苯并[a]芘、芘和蒽，会抑制这种生物标志物；然而，低分子量的 PAHs 不会引起变化或刺激 AChE 活性。记录了鱼类暴露于原油、燃料或汽油的可溶性部分的不同反应。在考虑 AChE 活性进行环境监测的大多数研究中，都是为了评估农药的存在，而石油烃的影响尚不清楚。本综述的目的是提供该主题的最新研究状况，并为未来的研究提出建议。为了确定该生物标志物在暴露于这些污染物的鱼类物种中的适用性，并确定其神经毒性作用，研究人员必须确定石油烃抑制 AChE 所涉及的机制，统一有关体外和体内实验设计的标准，并在现场研究中应用多变量统计和这些污染物与 AChE 活性之间的相关分析。
