Pompilio Arianna, Di Bonaventura Giovanni
Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2020 Sep;46(5):600-630. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2020.1816894. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
The World Health Organization attributed more than four million premature deaths to ambient air pollution in 2016. Numerous epidemiologic studies demonstrate that acute respiratory tract infections and exacerbations of pre-existing chronic airway diseases can result from exposure to ambient (outdoor) air pollution. In this context, the atmosphere contains both chemical and microbial pollutants (bioaerosols), whose impact on human health remains unclear. Therefore, this review: summarises the findings from recent studies on the association between exposure to air pollutants-especially particulate matter and ozone-and onset or exacerbation of respiratory infections (e.g. pneumonia, cystic fibrosis lung infection, and tuberculosis); discusses the mechanisms underlying the relationship between air pollution and respiratory bacterial infections, which is necessary to define prevention and treatment strategies; demonstrates the relevance of air pollution modelling in investigating and preventing the impact of exposure to air pollutants on human health; and outlines future actions required to improve air quality and reduce morbidity and mortality related to air pollution.
2016年，世界卫生组织将400多万例过早死亡归因于环境空气污染。大量流行病学研究表明，暴露于环境（室外）空气污染中会导致急性呼吸道感染以及原有慢性气道疾病的加重。在此背景下，大气中含有化学和微生物污染物（生物气溶胶），其对人类健康的影响仍不明确。因此，本综述：总结了近期关于接触空气污染物（尤其是颗粒物和臭氧）与呼吸道感染（如肺炎、囊性纤维化肺部感染和结核病）的发病或加重之间关联的研究结果；讨论了空气污染与呼吸道细菌感染之间关系的潜在机制，这对于确定预防和治疗策略至关重要；展示了空气污染建模在调查和预防接触空气污染物对人类健康影响方面的相关性；并概述了改善空气质量以及降低与空气污染相关的发病率和死亡率所需的未来行动。
