Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, 88600-000, São Joaquim, SC, Brazil.
Fungal Biol. 2020 Nov;124(11):940-957. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.08.002. Epub 2020 Aug 24.
Botrytis is a necrotrophic fungal genus of great economic importance worldwide. Together, the Botrytis species are able to infect over one thousand host plant species, including dicotyledons and monocotyledons. As the identification of Botrytis species in Brazil has mostly been based only on morphological characterization and comparisons of the rDNA ITS region, which is not informative in the genus, its diversity remains unknown. Thus, in this study we determined the diversity and prevalence of Botrytis spp. in Brazil by multilocus phylogeny. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus was performed using the nuclear genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2). From analyses of 56 Botrytis isolates obtained from different hosts and geographical regions in Brazil, we found that Botrytis cinerea is the most prevalent species with considerable intraspecific genetic diversity detected by nuclear genes. Two new hosts to B. cinerea and eight host never previously reported in Brazil were found. We also reported for the first time the occurrence of Botrytispseudocinerea associated with Accasellowiana (Myrtaceae). Due to the new phylogenetic positioning of Botrytispelargonii and Botrytiseucalypti, a taxonomic review of these species was suggested.
葡萄孢属是一种具有重要经济意义的世界性坏死型真菌属。该属的物种能够感染超过 1000 种宿主植物，包括双子叶植物和单子叶植物。由于巴西对葡萄孢属的鉴定主要仅基于形态特征和 rDNA ITS 区的比较，而该区域在属内没有信息，因此其多样性仍不清楚。因此，在本研究中，我们通过多基因系统发育确定了巴西葡萄孢属的多样性和流行情况。属的系统发育重建是使用核基因甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（G3PDH）、热休克蛋白 60（HSP60）和 RNA 聚合酶 II 第二大亚基（RPB2）进行的。从巴西不同宿主和地理区域获得的 56 个葡萄孢属分离株的分析中，我们发现灰葡萄孢是最普遍的物种，通过核基因检测到相当大的种内遗传多样性。发现了两个新的灰葡萄孢宿主和 8 个巴西以前从未报道过的宿主。我们还首次报道了与 Accasellowiana（桃金娘科）相关的拟葡萄孢菌的发生。由于 Botrytispelargonii 和 Botrytiseucalypti 的新系统发育定位，建议对这些物种进行分类学审查。
