Bigabo Felix, Jansen Angela
Coordinator, Sociotherapy Programme, Prison Fellowship Rwanda (PFR), Member of Prison Fellowship International, Kigali, Rwanda.
Program Manager, Community-Based Sociotherapy (CBS), Kigali, Rwanda.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020 Sep 28;13:759-774. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S266233. eCollection 2020.
This article focuses on the narrative identity of eight convicted genocide perpetrators in Rwanda, who participated in the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. Narrative identity is the internalised and evolving story of the self that a person constructs to make sense and meaning out of his life. This study focused on the key autobiographical memories, present day experiences and the anticipated future of genocide perpetrators by exploring the self-perception of genocide perpetrators, in the context of their psychosocial rehabilitation.
The Biographic Narrative Interpretive Methods (BNIM) were used for the collection and analysis of life stories of the eight genocide prisoners in Muhanga Prison.
The narratives of the respondents converged into five main themes: (a) the childhood experience of abandonment, (b) the process of ethnic self-discovery and positioning, (c) the perpetrator narrative, (d) the imprisoned self and (e) the imagined future self. Two main feelings from their narratives were outlined. Those feelings were the feeling of the abandoned and the feeling of the abandoner in the context of making sense and meaning out of their lives. Results revealed that the positioning of genocide perpetrators through their narratives can influence positively or negatively their rehabilitation. What is important in this article is the exploration of the account of the self-perception of the convicted genocide perpetrators throughout pre- and post-genocide Rwanda and the way they project their future self. Two main feelings from their narratives were outlined: the feeling of the abandoned and the feeling of the abandoner in the context of making sense and meaning out of their lives. Results revealed that positioning of genocide perpetrators through their narratives can influence positively or negatively their rehabilitation.
Genocide perpetrators in the context of Rwanda continuously work on ways to acknowledge, rationalise or justify those acts as part of their biography. Interventions enabling their self-discovery can have a positive impact on their self as prisoners, their families and the community at large in post-genocide Rwanda.
本文聚焦于卢旺达八名被定罪的种族灭绝罪犯的叙事身份，他们参与了1994年针对图西族的种族灭绝。叙事身份是一个人构建的关于自我的内化且不断演变的故事，用以从其生活中找寻意义。本研究通过在社会心理康复背景下探究种族灭绝罪犯的自我认知，关注了这些罪犯的关键自传性记忆、当下经历及对未来的预期。
采用传记叙事解释方法（BNIM）收集和分析穆汉加监狱中八名种族灭绝囚犯的生活故事。
受访者的叙述汇聚成五个主要主题：（a）童年被遗弃的经历；（b）种族自我发现与定位的过程；（c）犯罪者叙事；（d）被监禁的自我；（e）想象中的未来自我。从他们的叙述中概括出两种主要情感。这些情感是在从生活中找寻意义的背景下，被遗弃者的情感和遗弃者的情感。结果显示，通过叙述对种族灭绝罪犯进行定位会对他们的康复产生积极或消极影响。本文重要之处在于探究卢旺达种族灭绝前后被定罪的种族灭绝罪犯的自我认知叙述，以及他们对未来自我的设想方式。从他们的叙述中概括出两种主要情感：在从生活中找寻意义的背景下，被遗弃者的情感和遗弃者的情感。结果显示，通过叙述对种族灭绝罪犯进行定位会对他们的康复产生积极或消极影响。
卢旺达的种族灭绝罪犯不断努力以承认、合理化或为这些行为辩解，将其作为自身经历的一部分。使他们实现自我发现的干预措施，会对种族灭绝后的卢旺达中作为囚犯的他们自身、其家庭及整个社区产生积极影响。
