Michmerhuizen Anna R, Spratt Daniel E, Pierce Lori J, Speers Corey W
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
NPJ Breast Cancer. 2020 Sep 25;6:47. doi: 10.1038/s41523-020-00190-9. eCollection 2020.
The role of androgen receptor (AR) activation and expression is well understood in prostate cancer. In breast cancer, expression and activation of AR is increasingly recognized for its role in cancer development and its importance in promoting cell growth in the presence or absence of estrogen. As both prostate and breast cancers often share a reliance on nuclear hormone signaling, there is increasing appreciation of the overlap between activated cellular pathways in these cancers in response to androgen signaling. Targeting of the androgen receptor as a monotherapy or in combination with other conventional therapies has proven to be an effective clinical strategy for the treatment of patients with prostate cancer, and these therapeutic strategies are increasingly being investigated in breast cancer. This overlap suggests that targeting androgens and AR signaling in other cancer types may also be effective. This manuscript will review the role of AR in various cellular processes that promote tumorigenesis and metastasis, first in prostate cancer and then in breast cancer, as well as discuss ongoing efforts to target AR for the more effective treatment and prevention of cancer, especially breast cancer.
雄激素受体（AR）的激活和表达在前列腺癌中的作用已得到充分了解。在乳腺癌中，AR的表达和激活因其在癌症发展中的作用以及在有或没有雌激素的情况下促进细胞生长的重要性而日益受到认可。由于前列腺癌和乳腺癌通常都依赖核激素信号传导，人们越来越认识到这些癌症中激活的细胞途径在响应雄激素信号时的重叠。将雄激素受体作为单一疗法或与其他传统疗法联合使用，已被证明是治疗前列腺癌患者的有效临床策略，并且这些治疗策略在乳腺癌中也越来越受到研究。这种重叠表明，在其他癌症类型中靶向雄激素和AR信号传导也可能有效。本手稿将首先回顾AR在前列腺癌中促进肿瘤发生和转移的各种细胞过程中的作用，然后回顾其在乳腺癌中的作用，还将讨论为更有效地治疗和预防癌症，特别是乳腺癌而针对AR的持续研究努力。
