Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
J Hist Behav Sci. 2021 May;57(2):113-129. doi: 10.1002/jhbs.22067. Epub 2020 Oct 15.
The early decades of the pastoral care movement were characterized by a remarkable collaboration with psychiatry. While historians of the religious aspects of this movement have noted the reliance of pastoral care on psychiatry and psychology, it has been less clear how and why mental health professionals elected to work with clergy. This paper uses the Michigan Society of Pastoral Care (MSPC), one of the early training programs for hospital chaplains on the model of the Boston-based Institute for Pastoral Care, as a window to explore the interactions between psychiatry and religion at mid century. Raymond Waggoner, the nationally recognized and well-connected chair of the psychiatry department at the University of Michigan, was instrumental in expanding the influential pastoral care program at his hospital and in his state as part of his bigger mission of emphasizing the fundamental role of psychiatry in American life. Waggoner played a key role within the MSPC, in conjunction with leaders within the medical departments of the major hospitals in the state. All of the members of the MSPC viewed psychiatry's insights as essential for pastoral care, with the caveat that chaplains should remain pupils, not practitioners of psychotherapy.
牧灵关怀运动的早期阶段以与精神病学的显著合作为特征。尽管宗教历史学家注意到牧灵关怀对精神病学和心理学的依赖，但心理健康专业人员为何选择与神职人员合作的原因和方式尚不清楚。本文以密歇根州牧灵关怀协会（MSPC）为例，该协会是基于总部位于波士顿的牧灵关怀研究所模式的早期医院牧师培训项目之一，探索了 20 世纪中期精神病学与宗教之间的相互作用。雷蒙德·瓦格纳（Raymond Waggoner）是密歇根大学全国知名、人脉广泛的精神病学系主任，他在扩大其医院和所在州有影响力的牧灵关怀项目方面发挥了重要作用，这是他强调精神病学在美国生活中的基本作用的更大使命的一部分。瓦格纳在密歇根州牧灵关怀协会（MSPC）中与该州主要医院医学部门的领导一起发挥了关键作用。MSPC 的所有成员都认为精神病学的洞察力对牧灵关怀至关重要，但前提是牧师应该是学生，而不是心理治疗师。
