Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA.
Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
Addiction. 2021 Jul;116(7):1901-1907. doi: 10.1111/add.15291. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
Recent reports have highlighted the emergence of 'wasp dope' as an issue of concern, but epidemiological evidence is lacking. Wasp dope is a crystalline substance created by electrifying pyrethroid-containing insecticides (e.g. wasp sprays) that may give users a methamphetamine-like 'rush'. This paper describes wasp dope use and correlates of use in a sample of people who use drugs (PWUD) in Appalachian Kentucky, a region that has been an epicenter of opioid use and related harms in the United States.
Respondent-driven sampling and targeted street outreach were used to recruit PWUD. Eligibility criteria included being aged at least 18 years, residing in one of five Appalachian Kentucky counties, and having either used opioids or injected any drug to get high in the prior 30 days. Interviewer-administered surveys queried participants' (n = 278) recent (past 6 months) wasp dope use, other substance use and demographic characteristics. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using generalized estimating equations assuming a Poisson outcome distribution in a cross-sectional analysis.
Recent wasp dope use was reported by 16.1% of participants. Men and people who recently experienced homelessness and transportation difficulties were twice or more as likely to have used wasp dope compared with their counterparts [PR = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11, 3.87, PR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.64, 4.72 and PR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.06-3.81, respectively]. While wasp dope use was associated with injection drug use and using opioids and other substances to get high in unadjusted analyses, the factor most strongly associated with wasp dope use was methamphetamine use (PR = 17.23, 95% CI = 2.57, 115.61), specifically methamphetamine injection (PR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.56, 12.78).
Among people who use drugs in rural Kentucky, USA, more than one in six people surveyed reported using wasp dope in the past 6 months, nearing the percentage using cocaine/crack (20%) and fentanyl/carfentanil (25%). Wasp dope use was higher among men and strongly associated with homelessness, transportation access, methamphetamine use and injection drug use.
最近的报告强调了“黄蜂毒品”作为一个令人关注的问题的出现，但缺乏流行病学证据。黄蜂毒品是一种由电激含有拟除虫菊酯的杀虫剂（如黄蜂喷雾）产生的结晶物质，可能会给使用者带来类似冰毒的“快感”。本文描述了在肯塔基州阿巴拉契亚地区的吸毒者（PWUD）样本中黄蜂毒品的使用情况及其与使用的相关性，该地区一直是美国阿片类药物使用和相关危害的中心。
采用响应驱动抽样和有针对性的街头外展招募 PWUD。合格标准包括年龄至少 18 岁，居住在肯塔基州阿巴拉契亚的五个县之一，并且在过去 30 天内使用过阿片类药物或注射过任何药物来获得快感。访谈者管理的调查询问了参与者（n=278）最近（过去 6 个月）使用黄蜂毒品、其他物质使用和人口统计学特征。使用广义估计方程，在横断面分析中假设泊松结果分布，估计了近期（过去 6 个月）黄蜂毒品使用的患病率比（PR）。
16.1%的参与者报告最近使用过黄蜂毒品。与对照组相比，男性和最近经历过无家可归和交通困难的人使用黄蜂毒品的可能性是其两倍或更高[PR=2.08，95%置信区间（CI）=1.11，3.87，PR=2.78，95%CI=1.64，4.72，PR=2.01，95%CI=1.06-3.81]。虽然黄蜂毒品的使用与注射吸毒以及使用阿片类药物和其他物质来获得快感有关，但与黄蜂毒品使用最相关的因素是冰毒的使用（PR=17.23，95%CI=2.57，115.61），特别是冰毒的注射（PR=4.47，95%CI=1.56，12.78）。
在美国肯塔基州农村的吸毒者中，超过六分之一的被调查者报告在过去 6 个月内使用过黄蜂毒品，接近可卡因/快克（20%）和芬太尼/卡芬太尼（25%）的使用比例。男性和无家可归、交通不便、冰毒使用和注射吸毒与黄蜂毒品的使用高度相关。
