Predicting the effect of phototherapy method on breast cancer cells by mathematical modeling: UV-IR non-ionization radiation with gold nanoparticles.

Phototherapy is a minimally invasive oncological treatment strategy in which photon energy is delivered to the tumor tissue. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can enhance photothermal or photodynamic phenomena when excited by a wavelength beam in the range of UV-IR. GNPs are used in phototherapy for cancer cell treatment by controlling the physical and chemical conditions. Given the growing application of GNPs for the treatment of breast cancer, predicting the behavior of cancer cells during exposure to GNPs is of prime importance. However, the prediction might be far from reality due to the inherent complexities associated with the conditions of the treatment methods and the mechanisms involved in cell toxicity. This study provides general information by collecting data on the cytotoxicity of GNPs along with this process. Data mining was performed using a mathematical modeling method called SA-LOOCV-GRBF. In this study, eight parameters including particle size, zeta potential, concentration of GNPs in the cell culture medium, incubation time, light exposure time, maximum wavelength absorbance (MAW) of GNPs, irradiation beam wavelength (IW) and light source power density (PD) were measured. In this modeling, these parameters were considered as model inputs, and the cell viability of breast cancer cells after treatment was treated as the model output. As a result, the physical and chemical properties of GNPs as well as their application conditions wield influence on cytotoxicity. The results help select the desired condition for these nanoparticles in the phototherapy of breast cancer cells.